Notes

Erotic assortment and sex size dimorphism inside wildlife.
A CXR score was constructed using the above features. Increasing score was associated with increasing age, urea, NT-proBNP, and decreasing systolic blood pressure, haemoglobin and albumin; and with all-cause mortality on multivariable analysis (hazard ratio 1.10, 95% confidence intervals 1.07-1.13, p < 0.001).

Radiographic evidence of congestion on a CXR is very common in patients with AHF and is associated with other clinical measures of worse prognosis. Signs of heart failure are highly prevalent in patients presenting to hospital with acute heart failure and when combined into a chest x-ray score, relate to a worse long term risk of death.
Radiographic evidence of congestion on a CXR is very common in patients with AHF and is associated with other clinical measures of worse prognosis. Signs of heart failure are highly prevalent in patients presenting to hospital with acute heart failure and when combined into a chest x-ray score, relate to a worse long term risk of death.
To examine health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in refugee minors resettled in Sweden and compare results to a European reference population, while exploring associations between sociodemographic factors and HRQoL dimensions.

A cross-sectional, nation-wide study was conducted with a stratified sample of refugee minors ages 12-15 and 16-18 from Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria, resettled in Sweden between 2014 and 2018. HRQoL was measured using KIDSCREEN-27. HRQoL dimension scores of the sample were compared to mean scores of European age and gender-matched reference population. Associations between sociodemographic factors and HRQoL dimensions were investigated with independent t tests and ANOVA. A multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify the sociodemographic factors associated with HRQoL.

The questionnaire was sent to 10,000 potential respondents. The response rate was 26%, yielding n = 2559 refugee minors (boys 55%, girls 45%) in the study sample. Compared to European references, minors in the present study had significantly lower scores of HRQoL within psychological wellbeing and peers and social support, whereas levels for autonomy and parent/guardian relations and school environment were higher. Several sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with all HRQoL dimensions, with those 16-18years old, having average or poor family economy, and living with an unrelated adult or family reporting lower levels of HRQoL. Minors from Afghanistan had significantly lower scores of HRQoL for all dimensions compared to those from Iraq and Syria.

Refugee minors had significantly lower levels of HRQoL for psychological wellbeing and peers and social support compared to European references. Future research should further investigate this potential HRQoL gap further.
Refugee minors had significantly lower levels of HRQoL for psychological wellbeing and peers and social support compared to European references. Future research should further investigate this potential HRQoL gap further.
As the FDA works to determine whether a nicotine reduction policy would benefit public health, one key question is whether to mandate an immediate or gradual reduction in nicotine levels in cigarettes. The aim of this study was to determine whether the effects of gradual vs. immediate nicotine reduction on cigarettes per day (CPD), total nicotine equivalents (TNEs), , and subjective responses differed in younger vs. older adults.

Using data from a recent randomized trial conducted in the US (N=1250) that switched smokers over a 20-week period to very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes either immediately, gradually( via monthly reductions in nicotine content) or not at all (control condition, normal nicotine content research cigarette) , we analyzed the moderating effect of age (age 18-24 or 25+).

For both age groups, CPD in the immediate condition was significantly lower relative to gradual (estimated mean difference of 6.3 CPD in young adults, 5.2 CPD in older adults; p's <.05). Younger and older adults in the immediate and gradual reduction conditions had lower TNEs at Week 20 (all p's <.05) than those in the control condition; age group did not moderate this effect. HPK1IN2 Positive subjective responses to cigarettes were lower among young adults relative to older adults in the immediate condition.

These results indicate that an immediate reduction in nicotine would result in beneficial effects in both young and older adults. Young adults show less positive subjective effects of smoking following switching to VLNC cigarettes relative to older adults.
These results indicate that an immediate reduction in nicotine would result in beneficial effects in both young and older adults. Young adults show less positive subjective effects of smoking following switching to VLNC cigarettes relative to older adults.
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), a validated treatment for brain tumors, requires accurate tumor contouring. This manual segmentation process is time-consuming and prone to substantial inter-practitioner variability. Artificial intelligence (AI) with deep neural networks have increasingly been proposed for use in lesion detection and segmentation but have seldom been validated in a clinical setting.

We conducted a randomized, cross-modal, multi-reader, multi-specialty, multi-case study to evaluate the impact of AI assistance on brain tumor SRS. A state-of-the-art auto-contouring algorithm built on multi-modality imaging and ensemble neural networks was integrated into the clinical workflow. Nine medical professionals contoured the same case series in two reader modes (assisted or un-assisted) with a memory washout period of 6 weeks between each section. The case series consisted of ten algorithm-unseen cases, including five cases of brain metastases, three of meningiomas and two of acoustic neuromas. AmonS.
Deep learning neural networks can be optimally utilized to improve accuracy and efficiency for the clinical workflow in brain tumor SRS.
In recent years, the surge in use and of clinical trials involving tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) has increased the need for sensitive and specific analytical assays to measure said compounds in patients, to establish dose-effect relationships and to gain knowledge of their pharmacokinetics and metabolism. We developed and validated an online extraction high-performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous quantification of 17 cannabinoids and metabolites including THC and its metabolites, CBD and its metabolites and other minor cannabinoids in human plasma.

CBD-glucuronide (CBD-gluc) standard was produced in-house by isolation of CBD-gluc from urine of patients using pure CBD oil. For calibration standards and quality control samples, human plasma was spiked with cannabinoids at varying concentrations within the working range of the respective compound and 200 µL was extracted using a simple one-step protein precipitation procedure. The extracts were analyzed using online trapping LC/LC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-MS/MS running in the positive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode.
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