Notes

Deviation regarding Cancer malignancy Occurrence among and inside GRELL International locations.
The DIPSG bias was-5 (-25; 15) for AHI and-3 (-13; 7) for minimal oxygen saturation. N2 sleep was increased (32.9% vs. 50.75%, respectively; p<0.01) and REM sleep was decreased (21.35% vs. eFT-508 1.24%, respectively; p<0.01) during DIPSG. Twenty-eight (33%) participants had postural shifts during DIPSG. No significant adverse events were observed during DIPSG.

Dexmedetomidine-induced PSG had a good sensitivity and specificity, and can be used as a screening tool for diagnosis of OSA in adults.

ChiCTR1900024044.
ChiCTR1900024044.
Adolescence is a risk period for the development of mental illness, as well as a time for pronounced change in sleep behaviour. While prior studies, including several meta-analyses show a relationship between sleep and depressive symptoms, there were many inconsistences found in the literature.

To investigate the relationship between subjective sleep and depressive symptoms.

Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a literature search that yielded forty-nine recent studies (2014-2020) with adolescent samples aged 9 to 25-year-olds, and more than double the sample size of previous meta-analyses (N=318,256).

In a series of meta-analyses, we show that while several common categories of subjective sleep are associated with depressive symptoms in adolescents, the strength of this relationship varies. Measures of sleep perception poor sleep quality (r=0.41), insomnia (r=0.37), sleep disturbances (r=0.36), wake after sleep onset (r=0.31), and daytime sleepiness (r=0.30) correlated more strongly with depressive symptoms, than measures of sleep behaviour sleep latency (r=0.22), and sleep duration (r=-0.19).

These findings suggest that in studies of depressive symptoms it may be important to assess an adolescent's perception about their sleep, in addition to their sleep/wake behaviours.
These findings suggest that in studies of depressive symptoms it may be important to assess an adolescent's perception about their sleep, in addition to their sleep/wake behaviours.
Previous studies claimed that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) improves cognition in neuropsychiatric patients with cognitive impairment, schizophrenia, organic hypersomnia, etc, but few studies evaluated the effects of tDCS on cognitive improvement following sleep deprivation. The objective of this study was to determine whether tDCS (anode on the left DLPFC and cathode on the right DLPFC with a 2-mA current for 30min) improves cognition following sleep deprivation.

Seven participants received active tDCS and eight participants received sham tDCS when their cognition declined during at least 30h of sleep deprivation. All participants completed the psychomotor vigilance task, Trail Making Tests A and B, digit cancellation test, Stroop color word test, the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised and a procedural game every 2h during the sleep deprivation and after recovery sleep.

Compared to the sham stimulation, active tDCS (anode on the left DLPFC and cathode on the right DLPFC at a 2-mA current for 30min) had beneficial effects on attention, memory, executive function, processing speed, and the ability to inhibit cognitive interference, and improved in subjective drowsiness and fatigue following sleep deprivation. The lasting effect of a single tDCS on cognition during sleep deprivation was greater than 2h. In all participants, tDCS did not disturb recovery sleep, and cognitive performance recovered to the baseline levels after recovery sleep.

The study results indicate that tDCS can improve cognition following sleep deprivation and does not disturb recovery sleep or cognitive performance after recovery sleep. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms might be related to the modulation of the corticothalamic pathway. We believe that tDCS can be applied in the treatment of sleep disorders involving sleepiness.

ChiCTR2000029420.

2020-1-31.
2020-1-31.During the type approval process of ballast water management systems (BWMS) performance tests need to be conducted according to the BWMS Code (previously Guidelines G8) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The shipboard tests previously included a control experiment with untreated ballast water to evaluate the BWMS performance by comparing test results of treated and untreated water. Biological results and abiotic parameters of 97 control water tests conducted during the last >10 years during ballast water uptakes and corresponding discharges were summarized. In general, a strong decline of organisms in ballast tanks was observed, especially during the first few days of the holding time. The IMO validity criteria for uptake water phytoplankton in shipboard control tests were met in 82.5% of all tests. Phytoplankton numbers below the validity criteria occurred predominantly in winter and/or when the water was taken up offshore. For zooplankton the validity criteria were always met. The TSS and POC content in our ballast water uptake samples was frequently much higher than required during IMO BWMS type approval tests so that the current testing requirements do not represent a challenge to BWMS. With this a risk is taken that type approved BWMS fail in water conditions which occur frequently in the real world.Short term stress experiments with dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and tripolyphosphate (TPP) have been carried out on the staghorn coral Acropora intermedia, collected from Heron Island in the southern Great Barrier Reef, at low and elevated seawater temperatures. Zooxanthellae, chlorophyll a, intracellular and tissue dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and extracellular DMSP production were measured to assess the level of stress on A. intermedia at different winter and summer seasons from 2001 to 2003. Whilst no significant changes were measured in these stress indicators in 2001 and 2003, significant changes occurred in winter 2002, reflecting natural stresses on A. intermedia in the field, and stress from added DIP and TPP at high seawater temperatures. These stresses caused corals to bleach, whilst extracellular DMSP, intracellular and tissue DMSP concentrations increased, reflecting the antioxidant role of DMSP in the coral zooxanthellae and coral host to combat stress. These results have important implications for future research in the GBR.
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