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IL-37 Objectives TSLP-Primed Basophils to cure Atopic Dermatitis.
Arsenic was mainly accumulated in the roots, accounting for up to 95% of total As in rice plants. Removal of rice roots resulted in ~19% lower DGT-As in post-harvest soil compared to without removing the roots. As a result, a sharp decline in As accumulation in rice plants was obtained in the second planting after removing one crop of rice roots. The results highlight that rice, as a paddy-adapted plant, is effective in As uptake in the roots, and thereby removing rice roots efficiently depletes bioavailable As from paddy soils.Background More United States adolescents now report high-frequency marijuana use than similar use levels of alcohol or tobacco. Increased high-frequency use raises questions such as (a) is frequent use likelihood growing among adolescents who experiment with use? (b) Is such change observed equally across sex and racial/ethnic subgroups? (c) Have sociodemographic and other covariate associations with frequent use changed over time? Methods Data were obtained from 649,505 12th grade students participating in the cross-sectional, nationally-representative Monitoring the Future study from 1976 to 2019. Historical trends were modeled for any and frequent (20+ occasions) past 30-day marijuana use among all students and lifetime users, and lifetime user sex and racial/ethnic subgroups. Multivariable logistic regression estimates from 1989 to 1993 (lowest prevalence years) versus 2015-2019 (most recent years) were compared to examine covariate association changes with frequent use. Results Among all students, recent linear trends in any and frequent marijuana use were not significantly different from zero (0.023 [SE 0.156] and 0.036 [0.073], respectively); frequent use among lifetime users increased (0.233 [0.107], p = 0.048). Among lifetime users, the increase was stronger for male than female students, and for minority versus White students. Significant association changes with race/ethnicity, parental education, and perceived risk were observed. Conclusions The proportion of adolescent lifetime marijuana users reporting current frequent marijuana use increased, and is now at near-record levels. Increases were particularly strong among males and minority students. There appears to be an increasing likelihood that adolescents who experiment with marijuana use may progress to frequent use.Background Suicidal thinking during non-fatal overdose may elevate risk for future completed suicide or intentional overdose. Long-term outcomes following an intentional non-fatal overdose may be improved through specific intervention and prevention responses beyond those designed for unintentional overdoses, yet little research has assessed suicidal intent during overdoses or defined characteristics that differentiate these events from unintentional overdoses. Methods Patients with a history of opioid overdose (n = 274) receiving residential addiction treatment in the Midwestern United States completed self-report surveys to classify their most recent opioid overdose as unintentional, actively suicidal (wanted to die), or passively suicidal (didn't care about the risks). We characterized correlates of intent using descriptive statistics and prevalence ratios. We also examined how intent related to thoughts of self-harm at the time of addiction treatment. Results Of opioid overdoses, 51 % involved suicidal intent (44 % passive and 7 % active). Active suicidal intent was positively associated with hospitalization. Active/passive intent (vs. no intent, aPR 2.2, 95 % CI 1.4-3.5) and use of ≥5 substances (vs. 1 substance, aPR 3.6, 95 % CI 1.2-10.6) at the last opioid overdose were associated with having thoughts of self-harm or suicide in the 2 weeks before survey completion in adjusted models. Participants who reported active/passive intent more commonly used cocaine or crack (27 %) with opioids during their last overdose relative to unintentional overdoses (16 %). Conclusions Over half of opioid overdoses among individuals in addiction treatment involved some degree of suicidal thinking. Identifying patients most at risk will facilitate better targeting of suicide prevention and monitoring services.Background The aim of the current study is to estimate cannabis use prevalence among individuals with diabetes participating in the United States (US) National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2005-2018. Plausible biological mechanisms link cannabis use and metabolic regulation. Cannabis use can also alter perception and adherence to treatment especially among patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. Methods The NSDUH is designed to select and recruit, annually, a representative sample of the non-institutionalized US population (12+ years). Computer-assisted self-interviews gathered information on cannabis use. The current study sample included 30,915 participants who self-reported a physician diagnosis of diabetes. Results Prevalence of past 30-day cannabis use increased 340% among individuals with diabetes, from 1.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 2.6) in 2005 to 5.8% (95% CI = 4.7, 7.1) in 2018. Results from the logistic regression model indicated that this increase was robust (odds ratio of cannabis use per NSDUH year = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.10, 1.15). The increase was observed among different sociodemographic subgroups and in states with or without medical cannabis laws. Conclusions As cannabis use prevalence increases, screening for use among diabetes patients is needed to optimize outcomes and reduce potential adverse effects.Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is a serine/threonine protein kinase mediating phosphorylation on serine and threonine amino acid residues of several target molecules. The enzyme is involved in the regulation of many cellular processes and aberrant activity of GSK-3β has been linked to several disease conditions. There is now large evidence on the role of GSK-3β in the pathophysiology of mood disturbances with special regard to bipolar disorders. In the present study we further investigated the role of GSK-3β in bipolar disorders by studying AF3581, the prototype of a novel class of ATP-competitive GSK-3β inhibitors having the common N-[(1- alkylpiperidin-4-yl) methyl]-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide scaffold. Based on previous studies, AF3581 inhibits GSK-3β in the nanomolar range on purified human enzyme and highly selective with respect to other kinases. CX-5461 clinical trial Current study demonstrates that the compound has efficacy both in the chronic mild stress paradigm of depression (mimicking the down phase of bipolar disorder) and on mice aggressiveness in the resident intruder model (mimicking the up phase).
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