Notes

Mitophagy antagonism by simply ZIKV shows Ajuba like a regulator of PINK1 signaling, PKR-dependent swelling, and well-liked breach regarding tissue.
A similar pattern was also seen in the association of low-grade albuminuria with CV mortality. Subgroup analyses showed that low-grade albuminuria was also associated with all-cause mortality in the nondiabetic group, nonhypertensive group, and non-CKD group (eGFR ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m
).

Our findings suggest that low-grade albuminuria is associated with all-cause and CV mortality. Low-grade albuminuria should be monitored, even for patients with low CV risk.
Our findings suggest that low-grade albuminuria is associated with all-cause and CV mortality. Low-grade albuminuria should be monitored, even for patients with low CV risk.TRPM2 is a Ca2+-permeable cationic channel and serves as an oxidative stress sensor.TRPM2 deletion was harmful in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, whereas TRPM2 deletion mitigated kidney fibrosis.Our findings suggest the role of TRPM2 in kidney diseases is context dependent.
Morbidity and mortality associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in kidney transplant recipients are high and early outpatient interventions to prevent progression to severe disease are needed. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing mAbs, including bamlanivimab and casirivimab-imdevimab, received emergency use authorization in the United States in November 2020 for treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 disease.

We performed a retrospective analysis of 27 kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 between July 2020 and February 2021 who were treated with bamlanivimab or casirivimab-imdevimab and immunosuppression reduction. We additionally identified 13 kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 who had mild to moderate disease at presentation, who did not receive mAbs, and had SARS-CoV-2 serology testing available.

There were no deaths or graft failures in either group. Both infusions were well tolerated. Four of the 27 patients treated with mAbs required hospitalization due to COVID-19. Four of 13 patients who did not receive mAbs required hospitalization due to COVID-19. Patients who received mAbs demonstrated measurable anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor blocking activity at the highest level detectable at 90 days postinfusion, whereas ACE2 blocking activity acquired from natural immunity in the mAb-untreated group was weak.

Bamlanivimab and casirivimab-imdevimab combined with immunosuppression reduction were well tolerated and associated with favorable clinical outcomes in kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with mild to moderate COVID-19.
Bamlanivimab and casirivimab-imdevimab combined with immunosuppression reduction were well tolerated and associated with favorable clinical outcomes in kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with mild to moderate COVID-19.
A renewed interest for activity and chronicity indices as predictors of lupus nephritis (LN) outcome has emerged. Revised National Institutes of Health activity and chronicity indices have been proposed to classify LN lesions, but they should be validated by future studies. The aims of this study were (
) to detect the histologic features associated with the development of kidney function impairment (KFI), and (
) to identify the best clinical-histologic model to predict KFI at time of kidney biopsy.

Patients with LN who had more than ten glomeruli per kidney biopsy specimen were admitted to the study. selleck products Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate whether activity and chronicity indices could predict KFI development.

Among 203 participants with LN followed for 14 years, correlations were found between the activity index, and its components, and clinical-laboratory signs of active LN at baseline. The chronicity index was correlated with ser not the activity index, were significantly associated with an impairment of kidney function. The Cox model showed that serum creatinine, arterial hypertension, chronic glomerular lesions, and delay in kidney biopsy predicted KFI. These data reinforce the importance of timely kidney biopsy in LN.
The chronicity index and its components, but not the activity index, were significantly associated with an impairment of kidney function. The Cox model showed that serum creatinine, arterial hypertension, chronic glomerular lesions, and delay in kidney biopsy predicted KFI. These data reinforce the importance of timely kidney biopsy in LN.
Podocyte depletion causes glomerulosclerosis, and persistent podocyte loss drives progression to ESKD. Urinary sediment podocin (u-sed Pod) mRNA excretion and urinary supernatant podocalyxin (u-sup PCX) protein have been used to monitor disease activity in glomerular diseases. However, the differences in these markers among pathologies have not been investigated. We examined the roles of these markers in kidney diseases.

From January 2013 to March 2016, early morning urine samples were collected from 12 healthy controls and 172 patients with kidney disease (
=15 patients with minor glomerular abnormality with mild proteinuria and/or microscopic hematuria,
=15 with minimal change nephrotic syndrome [MCNS],
=15 with membranous nephropathy [MN],
=60 with IgA nephropathy [IgAN],
=19 with crescentic GN [Cres GN],
=10 with lupus nephritis [LN], and
=38 with other kidney diseases). We examined u-sed Pod mRNA excretion, u-sup PCX protein, and the urinary protein-creatinine ratio (u-PCR).

u-sed Pod and u-sup PCX protein were associated with proliferative-type GN, indicating podocyte detachment and subepithelial dense deposit-type GN, respectively. The results suggest that u-sed Pod mRNA excretion and u-sup PCX protein have usefulness for the diagnosis and measurement of disease activity with regard to glomerular diseases.
Pre-ESKD Kidney Disease Education (KDE) has been shown to improve multiple CKD outcomes, but its effect on vascular access outcomes is not well studied. In 2010, Medicare launched KDE reimbursements policy for patients with advanced CKD.

In this retrospective USRDS analysis, we identified all adult patients on incident hemodialysis with ≥6 months of pre-ESKD Medicare coverage during the first 5 years of CMS-KDE policy and divided them into CMS-KDE services recipients (KDE cohort) and nonrecipients (non-KDE cohort). The primary outcome was incident arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and the composite of incident AVF or arteriovenous graft (AVG) utilization. Secondary outcomes were central venous catheter (CVC) with maturing AVF/AVG and pure CVC utilizations. Step-wise multivariate analyses were performed in four progressive models (model 1, KDE alone; model 2, multivariate model encompassing model 1 with sociodemographics; model 3, model 2 with comorbidity and functional status; and model 4, model 3 with pre-ESKDudies are needed to examine the effect of KDE on patient engagement and self-efficacy as a cause for improvement in vascular access outcomes.
The occurrence of pre-ESRD KDE service is associated with significantly improved incident vascular access outcomes. Targeted studies are needed to examine the effect of KDE on patient engagement and self-efficacy as a cause for improvement in vascular access outcomes.
The goal of the Artificial Intelligence in Renal Scarring (AIRS) study is to develop machine learning tools for noninvasive quantification of kidney fibrosis from imaging scans.

We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who had one or more abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans within 6 months of a kidney biopsy. The final cohort encompassed 152 CT scans from 92 patients, which included images of 300 native kidneys and 76 transplant kidneys. Two different convolutional neural networks (slice-level and voxel-level classifiers) were tested to differentiate severe versus mild/moderate kidney fibrosis (≥50% versus <50%). Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy scores from kidney biopsy reports were used as ground-truth.

The two machine learning models demonstrated similar positive predictive value (0.886 versus 0.935) and accuracy (0.831 versus 0.879).

In summary, machine learning algorithms are a promising noninvasive diagnostic tool to quantify kidney fibrosis from CT scans. The clinical utility of these prediction tools, in terms of avoiding renal biopsy and associated bleeding risks in patients with severe fibrosis, remains to be validated in prospective clinical trials.
In summary, machine learning algorithms are a promising noninvasive diagnostic tool to quantify kidney fibrosis from CT scans. The clinical utility of these prediction tools, in terms of avoiding renal biopsy and associated bleeding risks in patients with severe fibrosis, remains to be validated in prospective clinical trials.
AKI is a common sequela of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and contributes to the severity and mortality from COVID-19. Here, we tested the hypothesis that kidney alterations induced by COVID-19-associated AKI could be detected in cells collected from urine.

We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) on cells recovered from the urine of eight hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with (
=5) or without AKI (
=3) as well as four patients with non-COVID-19 AKI (
=4) to assess differences in cellular composition and gene expression during AKI.

Analysis of 30,076 cells revealed a diverse array of cell types, most of which were kidney, urothelial, and immune cells. Pathway analysis of tubular cells from patients with AKI showed enrichment of transcripts associated with damage-related pathways compared with those without AKI.
and
expression was highest in urothelial cells among cell types recovered. Notably, in one patient, we detected SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in urothelial cells. These same cells were enfor studying the pathophysiology and cellular alterations that occur in kidney diseases.
Central vein stenosis (CVS) is a common complication in hemodialysis patients following tunneled central venous catheter (CVC) insertion. Little is known about its incidence, association with patient characteristics, or relationship with duration of CVC placement. We systematically evaluated central vein stenosis in hemodialysis patients receiving their first CVC exchange at a large medical center.

All new hemodialysis patients underwent an ultrasound before their internal jugular tunneled CVC placement, to exclude venous stenosis or thrombosis. After the initial CVC insertion, if the patients were referred for CVC exchange due to dysfunction, a catheterogram/venogram was performed to assess for hemodynamically significant (≥50%) central vein stenosis. During a 5-year period (January 2016 to January 2021), we quantified the incidence of CVS in patients undergoing CVC exchange. We also evaluated the association of central vein stenosis with patient demographics, comorbidities, and duration of CVC dependenctenosis was 13%. The likelihood of CVS was substantially greater in patients with at least 6 months of CVC dependence.
Adolescent obesity, a risk factor for cardiorenal morbidity in adulthood, has reached epidemic proportions. Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) has an early reversible stage of hyperfiltration. Age-appropriate formulae for eGFR, which are standardized to ideal body surface area (BSA) and provide assessment of kidney function in ml/min/1.73 m
, may underestimate prevalence of early ORG. We investigated whether adjusting eGFR to actual BSA more readily identifies early ORG.

We studied a cohort of 22,417 young individuals, aged 12-21 years, from a New York metropolitan multi-institutional electronic health records clinical database. eGFR was calculated in two ways BSA-standardized eGFR, and absolute eGFR. Hyperfiltration was defined above a threshold of 135 ml/min per 1.73 m
or 135 ml/min, respectively. The prevalence of hyperfiltration according to each formula was assessed in parallel to creatinine clearance.

Serum creatinine values and hyperfiltration prevalence according to BSA-standardized eGFR were similar, 13%-15%, across body mass index (BMI) groups.
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