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Inside Vitro plus Vivo Comparative Evaluation of any Shellac-Ammonium Paclitaxel-Coated Balloon compared to the Benchmark Unit.
Spatial frequency domain imaging can map tissue scattering and absorption properties over a wide field of view, making it useful for clinical applications such as wound assessment and surgical guidance. This technique has previously required the projection of fully characterized illumination patterns. Here, we show that random and unknown speckle illumination can be used to sample the modulation transfer function of tissues at known spatial frequencies, allowing the quantitative mapping of optical properties with simple laser diode illumination. We compute low- and high-spatial frequency response parameters from the local power spectral density for each pixel and use a lookup table to accurately estimate absorption and scattering coefficients in tissue phantoms, in vivo human hand, and ex vivo swine esophagus. Because speckle patterns can be generated over a large depth of field and field of view with simple coherent illumination, this approach may enable optical property mapping in new form-factors and applications, including endoscopy.We propose a phase-shifting interferometry technique using only two in-line phase-shifted self-interference holograms. There is no requirement for additional recording or estimation in the measurement. The proposed technique adopts a mathematical model for self-interference digital holography. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated by experiments on incoherent digital holographic microscopy and color-multiplexed fluorescence digital holography with computational coherent superposition. Two-color-multiplexed four-step phase-shifting incoherent digital holography is realized for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, using the proposed technique.Internal surface photoemission of electrons from 1D crystal into a barrier with participation of Tamm state (TS) at the interface crystal barrier is considered theoretically for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. It is shown that resonant tunneling of electrons through a TS could lead to substantial enhancement of the quantum efficiency and lowering the red border to a value defined by the TS. In contrast to the Fowler quadratic law, the photocurrent scales linearly with photon energy near the red border. The results suggest that the efficiency of hot electron generation with plasmonic metal nanoparticles could reach several tens of percent, which is very attractive for application in energy conversion technologies such as water splitting.In this Letter, we revisit the quantum theory of propagation in nonlinear fibers. Unlike previous works, we present an effective propagation equation for the reduced density matrix of the complex envelope of the electric field. This original proposal is shown to be in agreement with the theory of quantum noise in fibers and puts forth a powerful tool for the study of fiber-based quantum devices. To underscore its applicability, we analyze the performance of a heralded single-photon scheme in terms of probabilities, an approach that conveniently lends itself to the optimization of such sources.We demonstrate carrier-to-signal power ratio (CSPR) enhancement by self-seeded stimulated Brillouin scattering to improve the performance of Kramers-Kronig (KK) detection for multichannel single-sideband (SSB) signals. By virtue of low-CSPR transmission and high-CSPR detection, our proposed scheme effectively advances system performance by reducing propagation-induced distortion while maintaining the minimum phase condition. We experimentally demonstrate the improvement in CSPR and bit error rate of 5×10-Gbaud 16-QAM SSB signals by applying the carrier recovery block after 80-km transmission. Under optimum pump power, the average Q factor improvement of all five channels is 3.0 dB. We also analyze the performances of different channels and the major limiting factor. The results verify that our scheme offers a promising solution to enhance SSB self-coherent KK detection in wavelength-division multiplexing systems.We demonstrate a novel experimental scheme to generate and study the nonlinear frequency conversion of a three-dimensional (3D) optical Bessel bottle beam (BBB). Using a single axicon and standard optical components and controlling the spot size and divergence of the input Gaussian beam to the axicon, we have generated stable micron-size, high-power optical BBB with tunable spatial characteristics. The BBB has a series of low-intensity regions surrounded by high intensity with diameters of ∼30µm and 17 µm, respectively, at a variable period of 2.3 to 6.4 mm along with the beam propagation. Using the single-pass second harmonic generation (SHG) of femtosecond BBB at 1064 nm in a bismuth triborate nonlinear crystal, we have generated BBB at 532 nm with output power as high as 75 mW and single-pass SHG efficiency of 1.9%. We also observed the self-healing of the BBB at both pump and SHG wavelengths. It is interesting to note that the pump beam truncation shows self-healing in the SHG beam. Such observation proves the direct transfer of the pump's spatial characteristics to the SHG beam in the nonlinear process, potentially useful for imaging even in the turbid medium in biology. This generic scheme can be used at different wavelengths and timescales (continuous-wave to ultrafast).Miniaturized entangled photon sources, in particular based on subwavelength metasurfaces, are highly demanded for the development of integrated quantum photonics. Here, as a first step towards the development of quantum optical metasurfaces (QOMs), we demonstrate generation of entangled photons via spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) from subwavelength films. We achieve photon pair generation with a high coincidence-to-accidental ratio in lithium niobate and gallium phosphide nanofilms. By implementing the fiber spectroscopy of SPDC in nanofilms, we measure a spectrum with a bandwidth of 500 nm, limited only by the overall detection efficiency. The spectrum reveals vacuum field enhancement due to a Fabry-Perot resonance inside the nonlinear films. It also suggests a strategy for observing SPDC from QOM. GSK 2837808A Dehydrogenase inhibitor Our experiments lay the groundwork for future development of flat SPDC sources, including QOM.
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