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The American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma requires that trauma centers demonstrate adequate financial support for an injury prevention program as part of the verification process. With the ongoing challenges that arise with important social determinants of health, trauma centers have the important task of navigating a patient through the complex process of obtaining services and tools for success. This summary from the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Prevention Committee focuses on a model that has been present for several years, but has not been brought to full awareness in the trauma world. It highlights the importance of the Family Justice Center concept that brings a multitude of organizations under one roof, thus eliminating the hurdles encompassed by trauma patients, seeking life-changing resources necessary to mitigate the impact of both community violence exposure and intimate partner/domestic violence. It discusses the potential benefits of a partnership between trauma centers and Family Justice Centers and similar models. Finally, it also raises awareness of important programmatic evaluation research required in the arena of injury prevention targeting a population whose outcomes are difficult to measure.
Considerable racial, gender and age differences exist in mandibular parameters, hence anthropometric analyses have evolved to be an important scientific tool in forensic medicine and medico-legal issues. AIMS The purpose of this study was to determine the mandibular parameters (bilateral gonial angle/ ramus height and the bigonial width) in a sub-population of adult Yorubas with normal occlusion in south western part of Nigeria.

This was a retrospective study of digital panoramic radiographs (Planmeca ProMax®) of 116 subjects that had routine panoramic radiographic investigation done between January 2015 and June 2020 at two teaching hospitals. Angular and linear measurements of the mandible were made and values obtained analyzed for gender differences.

The gonial angle for males (118.08o ) was lower than that for females (118.87o ) but this difference was not statistically significant ( p= 0.3742) while the ramus height and bigonial width for males (61.22mm and186.63mm respectively) were higher than that for females (57.06mm and 179.23 mm) which were statistically significant (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively).

Males have statistically significant longer ramus height and bigonial width when compared with females. These finding may be useful in gender determination, however, further studies are recommended.

Males have statistically significant longer ramus height and bigonial width when compared with females in the population studied, hence ramus height and bigonial width in combination with other parameters are useful parameters in studies on gender dimorphism.
Males have statistically significant longer ramus height and bigonial width when compared with females in the population studied, hence ramus height and bigonial width in combination with other parameters are useful parameters in studies on gender dimorphism.
To evaluate the predictive performance of various predictors, including non-cycloplegic refractive error, for risk of myopia onset under pragmatic settings.

The Wenzhou Medical University Essilor Progression and Onset of Myopia Study is a prospective cohort study of schoolchildren aged 6-10 years from two elementary schools in Wenzhou, China. Non-cycloplegic refraction, ocular biometry and accommodation measurements were performed. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SE) ≤-0.5 diopter (D). ORs using multivariable logistic regression were determined. Area under the curve (AUC) evaluation for predictors was performed.

Schoolchildren who attended both baseline and 2-year follow-up were analysed (N=1022). Of 830 non-myopic children at baseline, the 2-year incidence of myopia was 27.6% (95% CI, 24.2% to 31.3%). Selleckchem FL118 Female gender (OR=2.2), more advanced study grades (OR=1.5), less hyperopic SE (OR=11.5 per D), longer axial length (AL; OR=2.3 per mm), worse presenting visual acuity (OR=2.3 per decimal), longer near work time (OR=1.1 per hour/day) and lower magnitude of positive relative accommodation (PRA; OR=1.4 per D) were associated with myopia onset. PRA (AUC=0.66), SE (AUC=0.64) and AL (AUC=0.62) had the highest AUC values. The combination of age, gender, parental myopia, SE, AL and PRA achieved an AUC of 0.74.

Approximately one in four schoolchildren had myopia onset over a 2-year period. The predictors of myopia onset include lower magnitude of PRA, less hyperopic SE, longer AL and female gender. Of these, non-cycloplegic SE and PRA were the top single predictors, which can facilitate risk profiling for myopia onset.
Approximately one in four schoolchildren had myopia onset over a 2-year period. The predictors of myopia onset include lower magnitude of PRA, less hyperopic SE, longer AL and female gender. Of these, non-cycloplegic SE and PRA were the top single predictors, which can facilitate risk profiling for myopia onset.
This study was conducted to understand the effects of intracameral moxifloxacin in decreasing the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in an eye hospital with a high volume surgical load.

In this single-centre, retrospective, clinical registry-based study, we compared the rates of postoperative endophthalmitis in 31 340 cataract surgery patients operated during 22 months after June 2018 who received intracameral moxifloxacin to 80 643 patients operated during 41 months before June 2018 who did not receive intracameral moxifloxacin. All patients received subconjunctival gentamycin and dexamethasone. Combined surgical procedures were excluded from the study.

There was a significant reduction (p<0.001) of postoperative endophthalmitis rates in cataract surgeries from 0.144% (116/80 643) to 0.025% (8/31 340) after initiation of intracameral moxifloxacin. Endophthalmitis rates decreased from 0.120% (12/9942) to 0.009% (1/10 787) in phacoemulsification group and from 0.147% (10when compared with the use of subconjunctival gentamycin alone in high volume settings.
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