Notes

Genome-Wide Investigation associated with NLR Disease Resistance Family genes in a Updated Reference point Genome of Barley.
Trichosporon beigelii is a non-pathogenic fungus that can however become an opportunist agent of disseminating and potentially fatal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. In the literature, there are only 11 published cases of infective endocarditis due to T. beigelii. Most of these cases involved immunocompetent individuals and the main risk factor was the presence of a prosthetic valve. The longest interval between surgery and endocarditis was eight years. In the present study, a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis due to T. beigelii is reported in an immunocompetent patient 11 years after mitral valve replacement. As with similar cases, low clinical suspicion and negative blood cultures delayed the beginning of antifungal therapy and cardiac surgery. Considering the high mortality and severity of T. beigelii endocarditis, it should be considered when there is a prosthetic valve infection with negative blood cultures, irrespective of the time elapsed since the previous surgery.
Abnormal renal development that results in lack of function or development of one of two kidneys is known as congenital solitary functioning kidney (CSFK). Two well characterized sub-categories of CFSK are unilateral renal agenesis (URA) and multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK). This systematic review sought to evaluate the change in renal function in children ≤18 years old with a CSFK as a result of URA or MCDK.

A literature search in MEDLINE and Embase was conducted (1946 to July 13, 2020). All relevant articles were retrieved and evaluated based on pre-selected criteria by two independent researchers. Data was then extracted from variables of interest and conflicts were resolved by a third researcher. The primary outcome was renal function, and the secondary outcomes were proteinuria and hypertension.

Forty-five studies were included, of which 49% (n=22) were retrospective and/or 58% (n=26) were cohort studies. A combined total of 2148 and 885 patients were diagnosed with MCDK or URA, respectively. Tce in the literature is weak. Further research is needed to identify the predisposing factors that may differentiate the small subset of children with CSFK at a higher risk of developing adverse renal outcomes.
Anti-helminthic therapy and endoscopic worm extraction had variable success rates in biliary ascariasis. Recurrent biliary events after worm clearance are common. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of management in biliary ascariasis and find out the incidence and risk factors for the development of recurrent biliary events.

Consecutive patients with biliary ascariasis detected on abdominal ultrasound (AUS), were selected. Initial conservative treatment with oral Albendazole (400mg) and analgesics was started in all. Successful therapy was defined as symptomatic resolution, and AUS confirmed biliary clearance after three weeks. ERCP (Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) was performed in patients with failed conservative management. The patients were prospectively followed up for a minimum period of 1year.

Among 98 patients with biliary ascariasis, 23 (23.5%) responded to medical management alone. A presentation with obstructive jaundice (p=0.04) and cholangitis (p=0.007) was significantly associated with failure to medical management. Sixty-five (86.7%) among 75 patients had successful biliary clearance with ERCP. During a median follow up of 16months, 24 (24.5%) patients had recurrent biliary events. Lower socioeconomic status (OR=0.78, p=0.023) and longer follow-up (OR=1.16, p=0.001) were independent risk factors for recurrent biliary events.

Early ERCP among high-risk patients and proper hygiene are the keys to successful management in biliary ascariasis.
Early ERCP among high-risk patients and proper hygiene are the keys to successful management in biliary ascariasis.
Obesity is a major global health problem, and it has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. click here Therefore, surgeons will confront an increasingly larger proportion of obese candidates for pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) in the future. Several small retrospective studies have been conducted to evaluate the role of Body Mass Index (BMI) in postoperative surgical complications after PD, with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to use a large multi-institutional database to clarify the impact of different levels of obesity after PD.

The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database was queried for patients who underwent PD from 2014 to 2016. Patients were categorized in the following six BMI groups <18.5 (Underweight), 18.5-24.9 (Normal Weight), 25-29.9 (Overweight), 30-34.9 (Class I obesity), 35-39.9 (Class II Obesity) and >40 (Class III Obesity). The primary outcomes of interest were 30-day mortality and morbidity after PD among the six BMI groups.

The final population consists of 10,316 patients. Class III is associated with higher risk of 30-day mortality (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.25-5.25, p=0.011), major complications (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.54-3.22, p<0.001), clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.89-3.24, p<0.001), surgical site infections (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.61-2.65, p<0.001) and wound dehiscence (OR 3.47, 95% CI 1.7-7.1, p<0.001) in multivariable analysis.

In conclusion, our study shows that obesity is significantly associated with higher risk of postoperative complications in patients undergoing PD and patients with BMI≥40 have increased risk of mortality after PD.
In conclusion, our study shows that obesity is significantly associated with higher risk of postoperative complications in patients undergoing PD and patients with BMI≥40 have increased risk of mortality after PD.
Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is an IgE-mediated food allergy. Ingestion of causative antigens leads to the development of local symptoms such as numbness of the oral mucosa in most cases and anaphylaxis in a few cases. The prevalence of OAS including in healthy people has not been investigated. Thus, we conducted a questionnaire survey of Japanese university students.

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 2688 first-year students using a questionnaire survey in marksheet format and examined the epidemiological characteristics of OAS.

Only 2.7% of students were aware of the term "oral allergy syndrome". A total of 143 (5.3%) students had OAS. There were significant associations between OAS and other allergic diseases including allergic rhinitis (AR) (OR 3.8, 95% CI 2.7-5.5), atopic dermatitis (AD) (OR 4.6, 95%CI 3.3-6.6), and bronchial asthma (BA) (OR 3.0, 95%CI 2.0-4.5). The onset age of OAS showed bimodal peaks at 0 and 10 years, and the latter peak coincided with the peak onset age of AR.

Awareness of OAS was low in our study, which will make it difficult to treat properly and prevent its development.
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