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Information in to the reaction of mangrove sediment microbiomes for you to metal air pollution: Environmental danger assessment along with metagenomics perspectives.
identification and intervention based on clinical characteristics are of great significance for timely termination of relapse and slowing down of relapse.The most spread groundwater-dependent ecosystems in the River Po valley are semi-natural lowland springs called "fontanili". They provide specific habitats and support high biodiversity, but are often strongly impaired by agricultural pollution. In the present study we seasonally monitored the discharge and nitrogen concentration of 48 fontanili from the Adda and the Ticino river basins. We observed a wide spatial variability of both NO3-N concentrations and flows. The annual NO3-N loads ranged from less then 1 to 75 t y-1 and less then 1 to 29 t y-1 in the Adda and Ticino basins respectively. In the springs characterized by variable discharge the N loads were exported mostly during the summer season when water table level was elevated mainly due to irrigation. Upscaling the mean NO3-N load to each river catchment based on the total number of springs, we obtained an aerial export of 33.2 ± 6.0 and 12.5 ± 3.2 kg y-1 ha-1. Such loads accounted for the 30.4 and 21.5% of the N surplus estimated for the Adda and Ticino basins respectively. Random Forest analysis was performed to identify the most important environmental variables influencing the nitrate contamination in the spring waters. A total of 22 explanatory variables related to N sources, land uses, intrinsic hydrogeologic and soil proprieties, in "situ" and remotely sensed variables were considered. The percent of soil cultivated with maize in a 500 m radius buffer area surrounding the sampling site, the N from manure and the distance of each spring from the main river were the most effective factors in controlling the NO3-N concentration in the fontanili water. The outcomes of this work open up to achievable management prospects for the protection and recovery of fontanili waters, and can be particularly useful for water managers in identifying areas and sites where restoration plans should be a priority.Global freshwater lakes are changing due to human activities and climate change. Unfortunately, sufficient long-term monitoring is lacking for most lakes. However, lake sedimentary archives can extend the instrumental record and reveal historical environmental trends. In particular, sedimentary DNA analysis of lacustrine sediment cores can aid the reconstruction of past trends in eukaryotic algal and cyanobacterial communities, as was conducted in this study for Lake Chaohu in China. The results presented here indicate that the construction of the Chaohu Dam in 1963 is associated with decreased richness of eukaryotic algal and cyanobacterial communities. Several groups, including the eukaryotic algal taxa, Chlorophyceae, and cyanobacterial groups like Dolichospermum, Microcystis, Planktothricoides, Cyanobium, Pseudanabaena, and Synechococcus, increased in abundance following inferred historical nutrient enrichment. Nutrient concentrations and hydrologic conditions were further implicated as the dominant controls on communities based on Random Forest and generalized additive modeling statistical analyses. In particular, significant increases in lake hydraulic residence times after the construction of the Chaohu Dam were significantly associated with altered biological community structures. Further, phosphorus enrichment was positively associated with increased richness and diversity of these communities following the 1980s. In addition, effects from increased atmospheric temperatures on eukaryotic algal and cyanobacterial communities were apparent. Here, high-throughput sequencing analysis of sedimentary DNA allowed the inference of long-term biodiversity dynamics of Lake Chaohu. These results underscore the important impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate change on aquatic ecosystems at the decadal scale.Bisphenol S (BPS) is the major substitute for the production of bisphenol A (BPA)-free products and detected in both food and environment. Although the relationship between BPA exposure and increased risk of obesity and diabetes has been noted, the potential influence of BPS is not fully understood. Herein, a non-targeted lipidomic study was performed to explore BPA/BPS exposure actions using the 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation model, and revealed the comprehensive lipidome disturbance induced by either BPA or BPS exposure at different doses of 0.01, 1 and 100 μM. BPA was more potent than BPS in disturbance of lipid metabolism. A considerable similarity of BPS exposure to BPA was discovered. The key lipid remodeling in response to exposure was found to involve the cardiolipins, phosphatidylglycerols and fatty acids metabolic pathways, providing novel clues of potential mechanism in which both BPA and BPS exposure could be associated with increased risk of insulin resistance. Our study supplies the perspective into the lipidome response to environmental stress induced by BPA/BPS, and shows that BPA-free products are not necessarily safer. Substitution of BPA by its structural analog BPS should be therefore performed with caution.Mountain ecosystems store a large amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) sensitive to global climate change. The SOC associated with Al and Fe minerals is important for SOC retention because of the ubiquitous nature and highly reactive surface properties of these minerals. Topography is also known to impact the distribution and transformation of SOC by creating different microclimates. However, the effect of topography on the distribution of organo-mineral associations has seldom been reported. This study uses a selective dissolution method to quantify the soil carbon (C) fractions associated with Al and Fe minerals in alpine shrub-meadow soil. AZD0095 inhibitor Na-pyrophosphate (PP), HCl-hydroxylamine (HH) and dithionite-HCl (DH) were used to quantify organo-metal complexes, SOC associated with short-range order (SRO) phases and crystalline phases, respectively. Results suggest that the Al and Fe mineral-associated C accounted for a small proportion of SOC (less than 30%) in each extraction. A higher concentration coupled with a lower percentage of SOC was found in the A horizon compared to the B horizon.
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