Notes

The results associated with Air flow along with Purification in Indoor PM2.A few in Office Structures throughout 4 Nations around the world.
1%) than in the PPI group (70.1%). There was no difference in side effects between any of the three groups. In conclusion, Miya-BM® may have an additive effect when included with eradication therapies for H. pylori.Gastric stress-related mucosal disease (SRMD) presented from superficial gastritis to deep ulceration consequent to insufficient perfusion, ischemia, and oxidative stress. Though pharmacologic interventions to optimize tissue perfusion or to enhance defensive mechanism are essential, limited clinical outcome necessitates strong acid suppressors or natural agents. Under the hypothesis that Dolichos lablab L. (NKM 23-1) can enhance defense against SRMD, water immersion restraint stress (WIRS) were imposed to rats and additional groups pretreated with differing doses of NKM 23-1 were monitored. On gross and microscopic evaluation, they significantly rescued SRMD (p less then 0.01). The levels of inflammatory mediators such as IL-18, IL-1β, IL-8, iNOS, TNF-α, caspase-1, NOXs as well as MMPs accompanied with NF-κB p50 activation were all significantly increased in WIRS, but their levels were significantly decreased in Groups pretreated with NKM 23-1. WIRS significantly increased apoptosis, but significantly decreased with NKM 23-1 accompanied with significantly increased levels of cyclin D/E and HSP70/HSP27. Gastric mucin was significantly preserved in Groups pretreated with NKM 23-1, while depleted in WIRS, accompanied with increased expressions of Muc5A. Gastric levels of HO-1 and NQO1 were significantly increased in Group treated with NKM 23-1 with transcriptional activation of Nrf2. Conclusively, preemptive intake of NKM 23-1 significantly rescued SRMD.In this study, we employed a previously developed in vivo assay system to determine whether the flowers and leaves of Syringa vulgaris (S. vulgaris; commonly known as "lilac") can prevent blood stasis syndrome, known as oketsu in Japanese. This syndrome is considered an important pathology in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine, and is related to diseases such as peripheral vascular disorders, blood vessel inflammation, and platelet aggregation, whose severities are augmented owing to lipid peroxidation, free radicals, and oxidative stress. The assay system employed in this study monitored the blood flow decrease in the tail vein of mice subjected to sensitization with hen egg white lysozyme. Through bioassay-guided fractionation of different S. vulgaris extracts, five polyphenols were isolated and identified. Among them, quercetine 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-rutinoside, and acteoside were identified as active compounds, as they significantly mitigated blood flow reduction. These findings indicate that the polyphenols obtained from S. vulgaris could be useful for preventing oketsu and improve the quality of life of individuals with disorders and diseases such as gynecopathy, cold sensitivity, poor circulation, allergy, and lifestyle-related diseases.Quercetin and its glycosides possess various health beneficial functions, but comparative study of them on energy metabolism in different tissues are not well studied. In this study, we investigated AMP-activated protein kinase regulated glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle and lipid metabolism in the white adipose tissue and liver to compare the effectiveness of quercetin and its glycosides, namely isoquercitrin, rutin, and enzymatically modified isoquercitrin, in male ICR mice. The mice were fed a standard or high-fat diet supplemented with 0.1% quercetin and its glycosides for 13 weeks. Quercetin glycosides, but not quercetin, decreased body weight gain and fat accumulation in the mesenteric adipose tissue in high-fat groups. All compounds decreased high-fat diet-increased plasma glucose and insulin levels. Moreover, all compounds significantly increased AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in either standard or high-fat diet-fed mice in all tissues tested. As its downstream events, all compounds induced glucose transporter 4 translocation in the muscle. In the white adipose tissue and liver, all compounds increased lipogenesis while decreased lipolysis. Moreover, all compounds increased browning markers and decreased differentiation markers in adipose tissue. Therefore, quercetin and its glycosides are promising food components for prevention of adiposity and hyperglycemia through modulating AMP-activated protein kinase-driven pathways.The patients of type I allergic diseases were increased in the developed countries. Recently, many studies have focused on food factors with anti-allergic activities. Enzymatically synthesized glycogen, a polysaccharide with a multi-branched α-1,4 and α-1,6 linkages, is a commercially available product from natural plant starch, and has immunostimulation activity. However, effect of enzymatically synthesized glycogen on the anti-allergic activity was unclear yet. In this study, we investigated that enzymatically synthesized glycogen inhibited allergic and inflammatory responses using a co-culture system consisting of Caco-2 and RBL-2H3 cells. Enzymatically synthesized glycogen inhibited antigen-induced β-hexosaminidase release and production of TNF-α and IL-6 in RBL-2H3 cells in the co-culture system. Furthermore, enzymatically synthesized glycogen inhibited antigen-induced phosphorylation of tyrosine kinases, phospholipase C γ1/2, mitogen-activated protein kinases and Akt. Anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities of enzymatically synthesized glycogen were indirect action through stimulating Caco-2 cells, but not by the direct interaction with RBL-2H3 cells, because enzymatically synthesized glycogen did not permeate Caco-2 cells. These findings suggest that enzymatically synthesized glycogen is an effective food ingredient for prevention of type I allergy through stimulating the intestinal cells.Mammals have the biological clocks with approximately 24 h-rhythm. Energy metabolism including glucose metabolism is regulated by the biological clocks. MEK inhibitor Glucose metabolism is affected by not only meal volume and its energy but also meal timing. We have reported that cacao liquor procyanidin-rich extract (CLPr) ameliorated the postprandial hyperglycemia through AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. However, the effect of administration timing of CLPr on the postprandial hyperglycemia and its signaling pathway are still unclear. In the present study, we compared the effect of CLPr-administration at the rest-phase (light-period) and active-phase (dark-period) on glucose metabolism. Single oral administration of CLPr to ICR mice at the rest-phase, but not at the active-phase, promoted phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and its upstream liver kinase B1 and translocation of glucose transporter 4 to the plasma membrane in the skeletal muscle, resulting in reduced postprandial hyperglycemia. These results indicated that the intake of CLPr at the rest-phase more effectively suppressed postprandial hyperglycemia.
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