Notes

International introduction along with significant issues associated with sponsor forecast strategies to uncultivated phages.
ories. These findings raise questions as to whether changes in commercial prosthetic foot stiffness category (within a clinically relevant range) affect subjective and objective measures relevant to successful outcomes from prosthetic foot prescription.
While there were quantifiable differences in prosthetic foot-ankle biomechanics across stiffness categories, no significant differences were detected in gait symmetry or mean daily step count in the community. Furthermore, after community use, participants perceptions of relative stiffness across feet were generally inconsistent with the order of prosthetic foot stiffness categories. These findings raise questions as to whether changes in commercial prosthetic foot stiffness category (within a clinically relevant range) affect subjective and objective measures relevant to successful outcomes from prosthetic foot prescription.
Progesterone has been implicated as protective against drug taking behaviors, including combustible cigarettes. While prior research indicates higher endogenous progesterone levels are associated with a reduction in smoking intensity (as measured by smoking topography), it is unknown if exogenous delivery of progesterone may have the same effect.

This double-blind, counterbalanced, cross-over randomized trial enrolled women between the ages of 18 and 40 who smoked at least five cigarettes per day and were currently using oral contraceptives. After overnight abstinence participants attended two topography lab sessions. One lab session was conducted during progesterone (200mg twice per day) treatment and the other was during placebo treatment. Analyses included linear mixed effect models to examine the effect of exogenous progesterone administration and endogenous progesterone values on topography outcomes.

Participants (n=43) were 23.8 (standard deviation [SD]±4.5) years old, smoked 10.5 (SD±3.7) cigarettes per day. Compared to placebo administration, progesterone administration reduced cumulative puff volume by 300mL (95% confidence interval [CI] -536, -65; p-value=0.01) with additional trends indicating possible reductions in the number of puffs, average puff volume, and average flow. There were no significant effects of endogenous progesterone on smoking topography outcomes.

Progesterone administration has the potential to reduce smoking intensity after overnight abstinence in women of reproductive age. Additional research is needed to explore how this may relate to smoking cessation outcomes in women of reproductive age.
Progesterone administration has the potential to reduce smoking intensity after overnight abstinence in women of reproductive age. Additional research is needed to explore how this may relate to smoking cessation outcomes in women of reproductive age.The association between cigarettes per day (CPD) and CPD-calibrated polygenic risk scores (CPD-PGS) is positive, however, the shape of the association is unknown. CPD measurement is inconsistent across studies and different measurement can lead to different results. Selleckchem Ruboxistaurin The pattern shape may also patterns may change over time, given differences in genetic influence on smoking. This study examines the dynamic pattern between number of cigarettes smoked and PGS-CPD over adolescence and young adulthood. A time-varying effects model in which CPD was the continuous dynamic variable, was estimated for ever-smokers in a nationally representative study tracking partiicpants over adolescence and young adulthood. Participants were genotyped and a CPD-PGS score was created using results from a large genome-wide study meta-analysis. Results indicated that the association between CPD and CPD-PGS changed over CPD. Low CPD-PGS related to higher odds of not smoking or smoking very low CPD. A flat positive association at 5-12 CPD suggeted a "low risk" group. The association peaked around 20 CPD, indicating that a high-risk score applied best to those smoking approximately 1 pack of cigarettes per day. Age also moderated the effect of CPD-PGS at specific CPD rates, such that CPD-PGS was stronger at later ages and higher CPD. The association between CPD and CPD-PGS should not be assumed to be linear or static over age; there seem to be CPD-PGS thresholds corresponding to significant CPD risk, although the effect of CPD-PGS also varies over age. More care and attention to measurement can improve behavior genetic addiction science.
Credible research emphasizes transparency, openness, and reproducibility. These characteristics are fundamental to promoting and maintaining research integrity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current state of reproducibility in the field of addiction science.

Cross-sectional design.

The National Library of Medicine catalog was searched for all journals using the subject terms tag Substance-Related Disorders [ST]. Journals were then searched via PubMed to identify publications from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2018; 300 publications were randomly selected from among those identified. A pilot-tested Google form containing reproducibility/transparency characteristics was used for data extraction in a duplicated and blinded fashion by two investigators.

Slightly more than half of the publications were open access (152/300, 50.70%). Few publications had pre-registration (7/244, 2.87%), material availability (2/237, 0.84%), protocol availability (3/244, 1.23%), data availability (28/244, 11.4register studies prior to commencement. Researchers should also make the materials, data, and analysis script publicly available. Further, individuals should be transparent about funding sources for the project and financial conflicts of interest. Research stakeholders should work together toward improvements on these matters. With such protections, the field of addiction medicine can better disseminate the information necessary to treat patients.Although scientific research on adolescent romantic and sexual development has proliferated in recent years, currently, too little is known about how development in these areas can be understood across diverse populations (e.g., different socio-cultural groups within countries) and contexts (e.g., countries or different proximal social environments). The goal of the current virtual special issue in the Journal of Adolescence was to highlight relevant and timely empirical findings from studies utilizing innovative and diverse research methods in the areas of adolescent romantic and sexual development from around the globe, with an emphasis on data collected outside of the Western world. It combines an interesting set of nine empirical papers, which describe datasets from 5 countries (Canada, India, Indonesia, Mexico, and the United States). In this editorial, we provide an introduction to this special issue, and illustrate how these studies expand our understanding of adolescent romantic and sexual development by examining 1) romantic and sexual relationship constructs that are relevant for understudied and diverse populations; 2) how culture-specific factors may shape adolescents' romantic and sexual relationships; 3) how romantic and sexual relationship constructs are linked to psychosocial adjustment outcomes in understudied cultural contexts; 4) the role of different proximal social environments (e.
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