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Copyright © 2020, Spandidos Publications.Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the large intestine, which may involve mucosal degeneration. Glycoproteins, mucin2 (MUC2) and the LY6/PLAUR domain containing 8 (LYPD8) are present on the mucous layer of the colon and can hinder the invasion of bacteria, thus contributing to the prevention of colitis. The present study investigated the expression levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), MUC2 and LYPD8 on the mucous membranes of patients with UC. A total of 18 patients with UC (6 females and 12 males) were examined. Biopsies of the lesions as well as matching normal membranes were obtained and the mRNA expression levels of IL-8, MUC2 and LYPD8 were compared. LYPD8 expression was downregulated in the lesions and the relapsing-remitting subtype of lesions was associated with higher levels of MUC2 expression compared with single attack and chronic lesions subtypes. A positive correlation between Matts' histopathological grade and IL-8, as well as a negative correlation between Matts' histopathological grade and LYPD8 were observed. The expression levels of LYPD8 were lower in highly active lesions and these levels decreased according to the intensity of the mucosal inflammation. Conversely, an increase in MUC2 expression levels may reflect the recovery of the outer mucus layer in the remission phase. Therefore, the examination of MUC2 and LYPD8 expression levels may be useful indicators of mucosal healing in patients with UC. Copyright © 2020, Spandidos Publications.Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. check details Patients must be identified at an early stage of tumor progression for treatment to be effective. The aim of the present study was to identify potential biomarkers with diagnostic value in patients with GC. To examine potential therapeutic targets for GC, four Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets were downloaded and screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were subsequently performed to study the function and pathway enrichment of the identified DEGs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The CytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape was used to calculate the degree of connectivity of proteins in the PPI network, and the two genes with the highest degree of connectivity were selected for further analysis. Additionally, the two DEGs with the largest and smallest log Fold Change values were selected. These six key genes were further examined uht © Wang et al.Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel non-coding RNAs that have been reported to be involved in the progression of numerous diseases. However, the clinical diagnostic value of circRNAs in female reproductive system diseases remains unknown. The present study is a systemic review and meta-analysis of the available literature on circRNAs as novel biomarkers for female reproductive system diseases. Relevant studies were systematically searched using the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases. The data obtained from the included studies were analyzed by RevMan5.3 and STATA 14.2. A total of six studies involving 613 individuals across three types of disease examined the diagnostic capabilities of circRNAs. Within these publications, the pooled sensitivity of circRNAs was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.64-0.76), and the pooled specificity was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.64-0.75). The pooled positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 2.33 and 0.42, respectively. The diagnostic score was 1.70 and the pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 5.48. The area under the summary receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.72-0.79), indicating that circRNAs exhibited a moderate diagnostic value for female reproductive system diseases and may function as potential diagnostic biomarkers. However, further studies are required to verify the clinical applications of circRNAs. Copyright © Ding et al.Since the discovery of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, the role of senescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development has gained increasing attention. Similar to cytokines, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are essential for intercellular communication. However, the function of EVs derived from senescent HSCs in HCC progression has not been extensively studied. The aims of the present study were to characterize the EVs derived from senescent HSCs and determine their role in the tumor microenvironment. Cellular senescence was induced in human hepatic stellate cells (HHSteCs) with various concentrations of etoposide. Induction was confirmed using EdU staining and 53BP1 and p21 immunostaining. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and analyzed by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Multiplex immunoassays were used to compare the levels of growth factors secreted from hepatoma cell lines and macrophage cells pretreated with EVs derived from senescent HHSteCs (senescent SCs. Furthermore, senescent EVs promoted HCC development by upregulating EGF secretion from macrophages. Copyright © Miyazoe et al.Antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs are the most common cause of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). There are numerous studies revealing the associations between the polymorphisms of pharmacogenes and the risk of anti-TB DILI (ATDILI). In the present study, relevant studies regarding the pharmacogenes associated with ATDILI were systematically searched in PubMed and Scopus. A total of 24 genes associated with ATDILI were reported on and the top five reported genes in terms of frequency were revealed to be N-acetyltransferase 2, cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1, glutathione S-transferases [glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1)] and solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1. As ATDILI may be the result of direct and indirect interactions, the encoded proteins were further analysed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) to observe the protein-protein interactions and the associations amongst these proteins. The results suggested that only GSTT1 and GSTM1 were central proteins associated with all the other analysed proteins. Therefore, the association between GSTT1 or GSTM1 and the risk of developing ATDILI were further analysed. The results revealed that a GSTM1 deletion genotype was significantly associated with risk of ATDILI [odds ratio (OR), 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-1.51; P=0.004], whereas the GSTT1 deletion genotype and GSTM1/GSTT1 dual-deletion genotype were not significantly associated with risk of ATDILI. Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity was performed and the results demonstrated a significant association between GSTM1 and ATDILI in South Asian individuals (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.12-1.95; P=0.005), which has not been reported previously, to the best of our knowledge. In conclusion, GSTM1 was associated with ATDILI in South Asian individuals. Copyright © Chanhom et al.Vaccines are considered to be one of the most cost-effective life-saving interventions in human history. The body's inflammatory response to vaccines has both desired effects (immune response), undesired effects [(acute phase reactions (APRs)] and trade-offs. Trade-offs are more potent immune responses which may be potentially difficult to separate from potent acute phase reactions. Thus, studying acute phase proteins (APPs) during vaccination may aid our understanding of APRs and homeostatic changes which can result from inflammatory responses. Depending on the severity of the response in humans, these reactions can be classified as major, moderate or minor. In this review, types of APPs and their importance in vaccination will be discussed. Copyright © Khalil et al.Background Health insurance is one of the instruments to achieve universal health coverage. However, in Ethiopia, the coverage of health insurance is very low and varies from place to place as well. Therefore, exploring the spatial distribution of health insurance is important to prioritize and design targeted intervention programs in the country. Methods A total of 16,583 reproductive age group women (15-49 years) were included in this study. The Bernoulli model was used by applying Kulldorff methods using the SaTScan software to analyse the purely spatial clusters of health insurance coverage. ArcGIS version 10.3 was used to visualize the distribution of health insurance coverage across the country. Mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was also used to identify predictors of health insurance coverage. Results Health insurance coverage among women aged 15-49 years had spatial variations across the country (Moran's I 0.115, p  less then  0.001). Health insurance coverage in Amhara (p  less then  0.001) ass media to increase awareness and confidence of potentials in the systems, which may encourage them to enrol. © The Author(s) 2020.Background Athletes put their health at short- and long-term risk and a detailed investigation of health outcomes is important because it should allow the development of more specific interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the health-related determinants of eating pattern of high school athletes. Methods The study enrolled 248 Brazilian athletes aged 14-20 years. Eating pattern outcomes included skipping breakfast, vegetable and fruit consumption, and sweets consumption. The following factors were considered as independent variables sociodemographic, economic, anthropometry, body weight control, psychosocial, sedentary behavior, sleeping time, meals, alcohol and smoking, and strength variables. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression model and the effect measure was the prevalence ratio (PR). Results The results showed that 45.6% of the athletes skipped breakfast, 29.8% ate sweets regularly, and only 8.9% consumed vegetables and fruit regularly. Multiple analysis revealed the following positive associations breakfast skipping and vomiting or using laxatives to lose weight (PR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01-1.26); low fruit and vegetable consumption and using pills to lose weight (PR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07); high sweets consumption and female athletes (PR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.12-1.55); high sweets consumption and more than 2 h spent watching TV (PR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.39). Conclusions Our findings indicated that sociodemographic, body weight control and sedentary factors are determinants on eating patterns of high school athletes. © The Author(s). 2020.Background Clostridium perfringens-induced chicken necrotic enteritis (NE) is responsible for substantial economic losses worldwide annually. Recently, as a result of antibiotic growth promoter prohibition, the prevalence of NE in chickens has reemerged. This study was aimed to reduce NE through titrating dietary deoxycholic acid (DCA) as an effective antimicrobial alternative. Materials and methods Day-old broiler chicks were assigned to six groups and fed diets supplemented with 0 (basal diet), 0.8, 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg (on top of basal diet) DCA. The birds were challenged with Eimeria maxima (20,000 oocysts/bird) at d 18 and C. perfringens (109 CFU/bird per day) at d 23, 24, and 25 to induce NE. The birds were sacrificed at d 26 when ileal tissue and digesta were collected for analyzing histopathology, mRNA accumulation and C. perfringens colonization by real-time PCR, targeted metabolomics of bile acids, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay.
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