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Affect of e-cigarettes on colonic mucosa and the part involving restoration: effort regarding oxidative and inflamation related pathway.
Aerobic exercises induce adaptations that improve physiological function. However, aerobic exercises, oxidative reproduction may lead to injury and other health issues such as adverse cardiac effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercises on protein expression change in the heart left ventricle to determine the advantages and disadvantages related to this mode of exercise.

Male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups; trained (T) and control (C). Animals from T group were trained for 8 weeks, and then 2D LC-MS/MS iTRAQ method was used for extracting and analyzing the left ventricular proteins. Certain proteins that were highlighted in the special process were selected for further analysis via protein-protein interaction network (PPI) method. The identified proteins were enriched via gene ontology (GO) to find biological terms.

We identify five overexpressed antioxidant proteins in T group compared with C group including extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn], Frataxin, protein kinase C delta type, STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase, and amyloid-beta A4 protein.

Findings indicate that catalase and insulin are two exercise-related proteins. However, they were not included in the significant differentially expressed proteins. Finally it was found that enhancement of antioxidative activity is a direct effect of aerobic exercises.
Findings indicate that catalase and insulin are two exercise-related proteins. However, they were not included in the significant differentially expressed proteins. Finally it was found that enhancement of antioxidative activity is a direct effect of aerobic exercises.
This study was carried out to design and validate a questionnaire to measure the majority of factors influencing food choices among adults in Iran.

A sequential exploratory mixed-method approach was applied to develop the initial item pool of the Food Choice Determinants Questionnaire (FCDQ) starting with a qualitative study to explore the food choice dimensions and its components. Designing the initial questionnaire using these dimensions and the 36-item Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) was then performed. The face, content, and construct validity were also assessed. The construct validity of the questionnaire was assessed using the exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Cronbach's alpha was applied for each main theme to examine the internal consistency.

After content and face validity process, a 60-item FCDQ was developed with total items' content validity index (CVI) of 0.69 indicating a reasonable level. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for each of the six constructs in the scale have shown satisfactory internal consistency.

This instrument is valid and reliable to measure food choice determinants in adults and could be applied to design interventions aiming to better food choice.
This instrument is valid and reliable to measure food choice determinants in adults and could be applied to design interventions aiming to better food choice.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of acarbose as an antihyperglycemic agent (drug) on late complications of MetS.

This double-blind randomized clinical trial was done on patients with MetS admitted to Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center. They were assigned randomly to two groups A who received acarbose (
= 32) and group B who received a placebo (
= 42) for 6 months. this website Cardiovascular indexes including flow-mediated dilation (FMD), intima-media thickness (IMT), epicardial fat thickness (EFT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at baseline and 6 months after the treatment and compared between the two groups.

Post-intervention mean of weight (mean difference -2.5 ± 0.89) and abdominal obesity (mean difference -2.2 ± 0.64) in acarbose group were significantly decreased (
value < 0.001). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) level in acarbose group was significantly higher than control group (44.7 ± 7.6 vs 41.1 ± 6.4;
value = 0.043), while the other metabolic parameters were not significantly different between the two groups (
value > 0.05). In both groups, CRP and EFT decreased significantly after the intervention, and the levels of CRP, EFT, and IMT markers in the acarbose group were significantly lower than control group (
value < 0.05).

The administration of acarbose in patients with MetS can decrease weight and abdominal obesity as well as the reduction of inflammatory and cardiovascular markers, including CRP, EFT, and IMT and also increases HDL.
The administration of acarbose in patients with MetS can decrease weight and abdominal obesity as well as the reduction of inflammatory and cardiovascular markers, including CRP, EFT, and IMT and also increases HDL.
Impaired fasting plasma glucose (IFG) as well as diabetes mellitus (DM) may influence the presence of another metabolic syndrome (MetS) components resulting in the different risk of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the impact of IFG as well as DM on the 10-year CV risk using Thai CV risk score and primary prevention in complying with CV risk score in these patients.

This cross-sectional study was conducted at the internal medicine clinic, Pathum Thani Hospital, Thailand. The study was approved by the hospital ethics committee and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Patients having MetS according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation were enrolled while those with a history of CVD were excluded. The 10-year CV risk was assessed using the Thai CV risk score.

The total of 112 patients were enrolled in the study. They were in old age and female sex was a significantly higher proportion (61.70% vs 35.50%,
= 0.013). Of these, 72.32% had IFG or DM. Proportions of patients with moderate and high CV risk score were significantly greater in IFG/DM group and only 34.48% and 79.31% of patients with moderate or high CV risk score received aspirin and statin. IFG or DM significantly elevated CV risk score (OR = 6.66, 95% CI = 2.29, 19.58).

IFG/DM significantly elevated CV risk score in these patients with the strongest impact. The assessment of CV risk is highly recommended for primary prevention and long-term CVD benefit.
IFG/DM significantly elevated CV risk score in these patients with the strongest impact. The assessment of CV risk is highly recommended for primary prevention and long-term CVD benefit.
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