Notes

The Educator's Artwork involving Prayer as well as Patient.
itivity among the antigens.
The genus
is a free-living opportunistic protozoan parasite, which widely distributed in soil and fresh water.
keratitis, which causes a sight-threating infection of the cornea, is going to rise in Iran and worldwide. The aim of this study was to compare direct microscopy, culture and PCR for detection of
spp
in clinical samples and to determine the genotypes of
spp
by sequencing 18SrRNA gene.

Among patients clinically suspected to AK referred to a tertiary ophthalmology center at Mashhad, northeastern Iran. During 2017-18, twenty corneal scrapes specimens obtained. The samples were divided into three parts, subjected to direct microscopic examination, culture onto non-nutrient agar and PCR technique. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and likelihood ratio were evaluated.

Among 20 persons clinically suspected to amoebic keratitis, 13(69.2%) patients definitely diagnosed as
keratitis. Wearing contact lens, eye trauma due to foreign particle and swimming in fresh water were the main predisposing factors. Most of patients suffered from pain and photophobia. Corneal ring infiltration and epithelial defect were common clinical sings. Direct examination had the lowest sensitivity and sensitivity of both Nelson-PCR and JDP-PCR methods were equal and highest. In addition, the results of sequencing identified that all strains belonged to T4 genotype.

Amoebic keratitis is a sporadic parasitic keratitis, which is mainly seen in contact lens user in Mashhad. PCR based on 18S ribosomal DNA with JDP primers is a reliable and highly sensitive method for diagnosis of
keratitis in clinically suspected cases.
Amoebic keratitis is a sporadic parasitic keratitis, which is mainly seen in contact lens user in Mashhad. PCR based on 18S ribosomal DNA with JDP primers is a reliable and highly sensitive method for diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis in clinically suspected cases.
In this study, we assessed the in vitro antischistosomal activity of the active ingredients of
(allicin) and
(curcumin) on
.

This study was conducted in Faculty of Science, Port said University, Egypt (2018). Adult worms were exposed to a range of concentrations of AL or CU, and worm survival was assessed 24 h post-exposure to calculate the lethal concentration of the compounds. Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess ultrastructural changes in the surface of AL- or CU- treated worms. The genotoxicities of AL and CU on
were determined by DNA fragmentation analysis.

We determined the concentrations of AL and CU required to kill 50% of
(LC
). The LC
of AL was 8.66 μL/mL, whereas 100% mortality of
was achieved by AL at concentrations of 50 μL/mL. The LC
of CU was 87.25 μL/mL, with the highest mortality of 91.3% seen after 24 h exposure to 100 μg/mL CU. Ultrastructural studies revealed that exposure to either AL or CU led to mild or severe surface damage to
, respectively. The degree of damage in the worms was sex-dependent. Interestingly, while CU exposure resulted in DNA fragmentation in
worms, we observed no genotoxic effects of AL.

Both AL and CU exhibit antischistosomal activity; the study provided evidence suggesting that these compounds act through distinct mechanisms. These promising results encourage further investigation into these compounds as potential antischistosomal agents, either alone or as complementary treatments to praziquantel.
Both AL and CU exhibit antischistosomal activity; the study provided evidence suggesting that these compounds act through distinct mechanisms. These promising results encourage further investigation into these compounds as potential antischistosomal agents, either alone or as complementary treatments to praziquantel.
Schistosomiasis has been identified as a major public health problem in tropical countries. The present study aimed to investigate the schistosomicidal effects of the methanolic extract of
L. and its active component, berberine against
on in-vitro experiments.

adults were used. Various concentrations of the methanolic extract (10 - 200 μg/ml) and berberine (2.5 - 50 μM) were tested from 24 to 72 h. The viability of
was confirmed with an invertoscope-microscope. Furthermore, cytotoxic (Hemolysis test), and antioxidant (DPPH radical scavenging assay) capacities were determined.

The viability tests on
showed that
at 50 μg/mL is lethal at 48 h and berberine at 10 μM is lethal at 24 h. The hemolytic activity at 1,000 μg/mL was 2.9% for
and 90.2% for berberine. The antioxidant capacities shown by
and berberine, were EC
156.3 and 84.1 μg/mL, respectively.

The extract of
and berberine demonstrated high antischistosomal activities in low concentration and short exposure time on the in-vitro model.
The extract of A. RXDX-106 mexicana and berberine demonstrated high antischistosomal activities in low concentration and short exposure time on the in-vitro model.
The present study aimed to determine genetic diversity of
isolates with microsatellite markers in Turkey (Nov 2015 to 2016) and to create a web-based microsatellite typing (MT) approach for the global interpretation of the data. In addition, the endosymbiosis of
and
virus (TVV) in the isolates was also examined.

The allele sizes for each locus were calculated and microsatellite types were determined according to the allele profiles. The population structure was examined with Bayesian clustering method. A website (http//mttype.adu.edu.tr) was created for collection and sharing of microsatellite data. Presence of TVV and
in
isolates were investigated with electrophoresis and PCR.

Of 630 vaginal samples
was detected in 30 (4.7%) and those were used for further analysis. The structure produced by a clustering algorithm revealed eight genetic groups. The typing of isolates according to microsatellites revealed 23 different microsatellite types. Three clones were determined among isolates (Mlso presented the frequency of two endosymbionts in T. vaginalis isolates for the first time in Turkey.
Human infection with
and hookworm parasites is usually under reported due to less sensitive diagnostic methods. Agar plate culture (APC) is the most sensitive technique for parasites having larval stage. However, using APC in routine diagnosis is uncommon. This study aimed to determine the detection rate and sensitivity of APC in comparison with formal ether concentration technique (FECT) and spontaneous tube sedimentation techniques (STSTs) for
and hookworm larvae.

Stool samples collected from 844 schoolchildren in Amhara Regional State, northwestern Ethiopia in 2019, transported to nearby health institutions and processed by APC, FECT and STSTs. The prevalence of
and hookworm was computed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square. The diagnostic agreement among the three techniques was evaluated using Kappa value.

The overall prevalence of
and hookworm infections by combining the three methods was 13.2% (111/844) and 33.8% (277/844), respectively. Using APC alone, the prevalence of
and hookworm were found to be 10.
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