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[Distribution Characteristics and Polluting of the environment Evaluation of Nitrogen and Natural and organic Make any difference within Overlying Water along with Sediment regarding Guyun Lake and also Jinshan Pond in Zhenjiang City].
The supply and fate of wrack (dead organic matter) is a critical determinant of the structure and function of shoreline ecosystems, and their role as carbon repositories. The increasingly common practise of armouring urbanised shorelines with seawalls impacts wrack deposits of unvegetated estuarine and coastal shorelines by truncating the intertidal zone and/or by modifying the physical and biological processes that deliver and remove wrack. This study tested whether such effects also extend to mangrove forests. A survey of wrack deposits in mangrove forests with and without seawalls along the Parramatta River, Sydney, Australia, revealed that at sites with seawalls placed at a mid-intertidal elevation wrack deposits were shifted from the high- to mid-intertidal but were otherwise of similar cover and composition. Experiments tracking the fate of wrack determined that, as compared to the mid-intertidal zone of unarmoured shorelines, wrack deposits at sites with seawalls were more readily mobilised. This was in some instances countered by the reduction in Casuarina glauca litter on armoured shorelines, as experiments revealed that Avicennia marina leaf decomposition was slower in the absence than the presence of C. glauca. Overall, the results suggest that effects of armouring on wrack composition and dynamics may be weaker in mangrove forests than on unvegetated shorelines. This could reflect the predominantly autochthonous source of wrack in mangrove forests, the habitat structure of forests minimizing hydrodynamic impacts of seawalls, and/or the differing reasons for which hard structures are constructed in low hydrodynamic energy vegetated as opposed to high hydrodynamic energy unvegetated settings.Black bloom occurs frequently in eutrophic waters. We investigated the conditions promoted the formation of black bloom via in-situ measurement in two aquatic microcosms and the effects of black bloom on the bacterial community composition. Although larger changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) were detected in the Hydrilla verticillata-dominated microcosm over the 90-day simulation, black bloom occurred more readily in the phytoplankton-dominated than macrophyte-dominated microcosm under conditions of O2 depletion and temperature above 30 °C. The sediment bacterial community composition shifted after black bloom; the relative abundance of Thiobacillus and Sideroxydans, which oxidize iron (Fe) and sulfur (S), decreased by 47% and 48%, respectively, in the phytoplankton-dominated microcosm and by 18% and 20% in the macrophyte-dominated microcosm. By contrast, Desulfatiglans increased by 13% and 19%, respectively, after black bloom. Furthermore, inter-taxa correlations remarkably changed according to co-occurrence network analysis. Thirty-six different taxa from the phylum to the genus level were identified as biomarkers of sediments collected before and after the black bloom event. Most of these biomarkers are related to Fe/S cycling in aquatic ecosystems.Aggressive pituitary corticotroph tumors causing Cushing's disease are rare, and there is limited data about their clinical management. Here, we aimed to report our long-term experience with gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) as adjuvant treatment in patients with residual or recurrent pituitary corticotroph tumors. This retrospective study included 45 adult patients (M/F, 7/38; mean age, 40.2 ± 13.1 years) with residual tumor or recurrence after initially successful surgical resection. Single-session GKRS was performed in all patients. Tumors with a Ki-67 value higher than 3 % and radiologic invasion to surrounding tissues were classified as aggressive tumor group. Clinical, hormonal and radiological findings were compared between the aggressive (n = 10) and non-aggressive adenoma (n = 35) groups. Following GKRS, tumor volumes were significantly reduced in both groups. The mean time to hormonal remission in the non-aggressive group was significantly shorter than in the aggressive group (23.5 ± 6.3 vs 33.0 ± 5.0 month, respectively, p  less then  0.05). Selleck Vardenafil New-onset hypopituitarism was identified in only seven patients (15 %) after GKRS in the whole cohort. The present study introduces several essential findings about aggressive corticotroph tumors. First, aggressive behavior tends to occur more frequently in male subjects. Second, time to GKRS was significantly shorter in the aggressive group. Moreover, a tumor volume ≥2 cm3 may be associated with clinical aggressiveness in corticotroph tumors. In conclusion, we suggest that early adjuvant GKRS is an effective treatment option in aggressive pituitary corticotroph tumors.The paper investigates the existence of interfacial (Stoneley-type) acoustic waves localised at the internal boundary between two semi-infinite superlattices which are adjoined with each other to form one-dimensional phononic bicrystal. Each superlattice is a periodic sequence of perfectly bonded homogeneous and/or functionally graded layers of general anisotropy. Given any asymmetric arrangement of unit cells (periods) of superlattices, it is found that the maximum number of interfacial waves, which can emerge at a fixed tangential wavenumber for the frequency varying within a stopband, is three for the lowest stopband and six for any upper stopband. Moreover, we show that this number of three or six waves in the lowest or upper stopband, is actually the maximum for the number of waves occurring per stopband in a given bicrystal plus their number in the "complementary" bicrystal, which is obtained by swapping upper and lower superlattices of the initial one (so that both bicrystals have the same band structure). An example is provided demonstrating attainability of this upper bound, i.e. the existence of six interfacial waves in a stopband. The results obtained under no assumptions regarding the material anisotropy are also specified to the case of monoclinic symmetry leading to acoustic mode decoupling.The formation of dibenzofuran (DF), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) from 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene (1,2,3-TrCBz) over metal oxide / silica surface were investigated using a tubular furnace. PCDD/Fs increased exponentially from 250 to 550 °C over copper oxide / silica surface and PCDD/Fs had the maximum growth from 400 to 450 °C. The ratio of PCDD / PCDF was much less than 1, especially when the temperature raised from 450 to 550 °C. Pentachlorianated dibenzo-p-furan (PeCDF) dominated among the homologues, which contributed 45-61% to the total PCDD/Fs. Two peaks of the yield of DF occurred at 400 °C and 500 °C respectively. Furthermore, the oxygen contents have different effects for PCDD and PCDF formation, and low oxygen could promote PCDD production, especially for tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). More PCDF were formed on the oxygen rich condition, indicating that the oxygen promoted the chlorination of DF. Iron oxides are better than copper oxides to catalyze the formation of PCDD/Fs from 1,2,3-TrCBzs at 350 °C, especially for PCDF.
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