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CRISPR-Based Genetic Adjustment of Thrush Species: Historical Perspectives and Existing Approaches.
Antibiotic use during the perioperative period or the surgical procedure itself may trigger the occurrence of FV inhibitors. This case highlights that FV inhibitor may develop after the surgical procedure even without a history of the use of fibrin tissue adhesives. Surgeons and hematologists should be aware that this rare but potentially life-threatening condition may occur after the surgical procedure.Since its introduction in 2008, the Karl Storz 4K 3D VITOM® exoscope (Karl Storz SE & Co. Seclidemstat KG, Tuttlingen, Germany) has been successfully used in various surgical disciplines. This paper describes our department's experience using this technology and its use in the first total thyroidectomy case. The set up of the 3D VITOM exoscope in the operating theatre allows for a user-friendly approach to thyroid surgery with the exoscope placed out of the line of sight of the surgeon with a monitor placed directly ahead. The surgeon has a control panel within reach, which allows for adjustments to image magnification and focus. The use of the 3D VITOM exoscope has the potential to confer significant improvements in patient outcomes by promoting efficient and safer surgery through superior operative visualisation.Vaping has become an increasingly popular alternative to smoking in recent years. We present a rare and unusual case of upper airway bleeding caused by inhalation of a cannabidiol (CBD) oil-based vape due to a chemical burn. There are no case reports of this injury in the literature, and we discuss the clinical presentation, diagnosis and our management of this potentially life-threatening injury. A 27-year-old man presented to the accident and emergency department after using a CBD oil vape. After one inhalation of the CBD oil vape, the patient experienced immediate onset pain in the oropharynx, dyspnoea, expectoration of blood and hoarseness. The patient had used a CBD oil vape four hours earlier that evening for the first time, which was procured from an unregulated online source. The patient was referred to the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) team where the examination of oropharynx identified a posterior pharyngeal bleeding point. Flexible nasal endoscopy was undertaken showing profound erythema and inflammation throughout the oropharynx and posterior pharyngeal wall. The mucous membranes had been detached leaving an exposed bleeding submucosa. The patient was commenced on three cycles of back-to-back adrenaline nebulisers (11000 adrenaline in 5ml of 0.9% NaCl), 6.6mg dexamethasone intravenously and hydrogen peroxide gargles (5ml of 3% hydrogen peroxide in 10ml of water) three times a day. There were early involvement and review of the airway by the anaesthetic and intensive care teams, which was deemed safe at the time. A plan was made for a definitive airway if bleeding reoccurred. Upper airway bleeding can present as a rare form of vape-induced injury and should be considered part of the differential diagnosis particularly in those using CBD oil vapes. History taking is pertinent and patients should be questioned on the specific vape liquids used. Airway stabilisation is the priority with early involvement of the multi-disciplinary team including anaesthetists, intensive care specialists and ENT surgeons.Human penile ossification is a rare urologic condition with approximately 40 cases reported in the literature so far. While bone is essential for penetrative intercourse in many non-human mammals, human penile ossification appears to be part of a metaplastic process occurring after injury or trauma. Conditions such as Peyronie's disease, diabetes mellitus, local trauma, and end-stage renal disease have been associated with this entity. We report the case of a 65-year-old male with penile curvature and a history of painful intercourse who underwent partial excision and grafting with bovine pericardial graft and was found on pathologic examination to have penile ossification.Background and objective Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic, multifactorial pain condition. The latest literature suggests that genetic and environmental factors including continuous stress contribute significantly to FM's pathophysiology. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of FM among medical students as they are considered a population significantly at risk of developing the condition. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University. Medical students included in the study were recruited through a random stratified sampling method. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the participants; it included questions related to widespread pain index (WPI) and symptom severity scale (SSS) to assess the symptoms and diagnosis of FM, which were established based on the current diagnostic criteria. All first-year students were excluded from this research. Results A total of 450 participants were recruited for the study. Among them, 291 (64.7%) were females and 159 (35.3%) were males. Their ages ranged from 18 to 26 years, and the mean age was 21.52 years (SD ±1.52). They came from different academic levels 97 (21.6%) were in the second year, 79 (17.6%) were in the third year, 70 (15.6%) were in the fourth year, 99 (22%) were in the fifth year, and 105 (23.3%) were in the sixth year. The overall prevalence of FM was found to be 43 (9.6%). It was established based on the number of students who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria or were previously diagnosed with FM by a professional physician. Conclusion FM is highly prevalent among medical students. Our findings demonstrate the likelihood of the influence of medical school on causing the condition, as it has a stressful education system with high academic expectations. We recommend that this issue be seriously addressed since FM leads to a significant burden on the students and can negatively affect their future medical practice.Several critical clinical and ethical issues, including immediate treatment decisions, emerged in a case of a double suicide attempt by an elderly couple with a suicide pact and existing do-not-resuscitate (DNR) documentation. This case was complicated by the advanced age of both patients and their family's expectations and perception of mental illness in the geriatric population. In addition to the myriad of legal and ethical challenges that frequent the end-of-life care, the emerging trend of suicide pacts among the elderly, particularly with existing DNR documentation, warrants further exploration.Objective To determine the efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil (FU) in the treatment of pterygium. Methodology After meeting the inclusion criteria 101 patients were enrolled in this study. Informed consent and demographic information was taken from all the patients. Patients underwent ophthalmic clinical examination that included slit lamp examination to grade pterygium. Before starting 5-FU injections, all topical medication was stopped. After four weeks the effects of 5-FU and its efficacy was noted. The patients were reviewed again after six months to note any recurrence. All the collected data was entered and analyzed on Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results In our study the mean age of the patients was 37.74 ± 10.15 years, male to female ratio of the patients was 1.061. The primary type of pterygium was noted in 54 (53.5%) and recurrent was noted in 47 (46.5%) patients. The efficacy achieved in 88 (87.13%) patients, four had recurrence of pterygium and of 101 patients 26 underwent surgical excision. Conclusion The use of 5-FU is safe and effective for the treatment of pterygium and it can be implemented as a primary treatment especially in the hot temperate zone where it is very common and aggressive with high recurrence rate. 5-FU not only halts its progression but also reduces the size and vascularity thus decreasing the need for surgery and steroid use and preventing recurrence.Background Pterygium is an important public health problem. The prevalence rates of this disease varies widely from 1.2% to 23.4%. link2 Aim To determine the prevalence rates and the associated risk factors of pterygium in the high-altitude area - Ta'if city, Saudi Arabia. Material and method A cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2018 till September 2019 at the ophthalmology outpatient clinics of King Abdul-Aziz Specialist Hospital, Ta'if area. Results Prevalence rate of pterygium in the high-altitude area, Ta'if city, Saudi Arabia was 2.4%. It is significantly higher in older patients belonging to the age group of more than 40 years. As for gender, it was significantly higher in male patients compared to females (2.6% vs. 1.9%). link3 Pterygium prevalence was significantly higher among patients with outdoor occupations compared to indoor occupations (2.9% vs. 2.1%), and among patients with sunlight exposure during daily activities for more than 5 hours (2.6% vs. 2%) (p = less then 0.05). Conclusion The overall incidence of pterygium in Al-Ta'if area, Saudi Arabia, was 2.4% but still lower than overall worldwide incidence (10.2%). There was an increased incidence of pterygium with age, high-altitude areas, rural areas, outdoor occupations, which is directly proportional to dose of sunlight exposure. Furthermore, smoking might be reported as a protective factor against pterygium.Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a nerve disorder of the face associated with excruciating pain that occurs in paroxysms and can be initiated by even mild cutaneous stimuli. Diagnosis of TN is based on the patient's history and the diagnosis of exclusion. The first-line treatment usually comprises carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine. Herein we present a case of a 47-year-old female, diagnosed with idiopathic TN. Initially, she was commenced on carbamazepine, and later, she was switched to sodium valproate without any noticeable relief. However, she responded to treatment with combination therapy comprising antihistamine, montelukast, and corticosteroid nasal spray. To the best of our knowledge, no such case has been reported previously.Diet and nutrition play an important and essential role in everyone's life. It helps build a healthy body and a strong mind. We know that food rich in nutrients can remove toxins from the body, make an excellent immune system, curb hunger, and prevent obesity. Obesity is one of the most concerning, alarming, and fastest-growing pandemics. It affects not only adults but also adolescents and children. The disease's early-onset calls for prompt attention to control the physical, psychological, financial, and social burden it creates. Children with autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are commonly affected by eating disorders. Their preference for energy-dense food with low nutrition can alter their metabolism, leading to the accumulation of oxidative radicals, causing them to deteriorate mentally and physically. Although dieting and losing weight are now commonly seen in the general population, it has become hard to bring awareness to children with special needs about diet, nutrition, and obesity. Despite efforts, parents of such children usually cannot help control the eating because tantrums and behavioral problems are common. It is now imperative for doctors and parents to work alongside nutritionists and dieticians to help these children eat healthy to be fit and improve the quality of life.
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