Notes

Estimated Chart Modify Distance throughout Quadratic Moment.
The positive values of enthalpy (∆H 0) and entropy (∆S 0) of binding connote that the binding force for CFH-PVP complexation is hydrophobic in nature and the complexation is entropy controlled. The negative intrinsic enthalpy (∆H *,0) values indicate the high stability of CFH-PVP complexes. Molecular docking calculation discloses the existence of similar binding forces between CFH and PVP obtained by the analysis of experimental data from UV-visible spectroscopic method. The binding constant between CFH and BSA (K b ), quenching constant (K sv ), the number of binding sites (n), and the quenching rate constant (K q ) for the CFH-BSA system were also calculated. The values of K sv , K q , and n for the CFH-BSA system are lower in 0.05 mol L-1 urea solution and higher in PVP solutions compared to those of aqueous medium.This experiment treated perilla seeds with different concentrations of NaCl solution to enrich and purify their rosmarinic acid (RosA). The results showed that low concentrations of salt (0-20 mmol/L) promoted seed germination, while high concentrations (> 20 mmol/L) inhibited germination. When the salt concentration was 20 mmol/L, the germination rate was the highest. The content of RosA in germinated perilla seeds was 3.5 mg/g, which was 3.5 times as much as that in the seeds without germination. The RosA was purified using NK-109 macroporous resin and its adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics were determined. The adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption behavior of RosA in NK-109 resin conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The model for RosA in the NK-109 resin exhibited Langmuir adsorption based on a spontaneous exothermic process according to its adsorption thermodynamics, which included both physical and chemical adsorption. The optimized process conditions were as follows the loading concentration of 0.04 mg/mL, loading volume of 40 mL, 70% methanol as the eluent with the volume of 60 mL, and the purity of RosA was 42.1%.The effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the release behavior of polymer nanoparticles from nanocomposite particles using amino acids were investigated. Rifaximin (RFX) was used as a hydrophobic drug model. RFX-loaded poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLLGA) nanoparticles were prepared using an antisolvent diffusion method. They were then spray-dried with equal amounts of amino acids to prepare the nanocomposite particles. The mean diameters of nanocomposite particles were 2.86-5.42 μm. The particle size increased as the concentration of PVA aqueous solution increased. The mean diameters of RFX-loaded PLLGA nanoparticles were 150-160 nm; however, the particle size distributions of those prepared using 0.25% (w/v) PVA aqueous solution differed significantly immediately after preparation and after redispersion from nanocomposite particles. The release test results of nanocomposite particles revealed that those prepared using 0.25% and 0.50% (w/v) aqueous PVA solutions rapidly released RFX. In contrast, particles prepared using 2.00 and 4.00% (w/v) PVA aqueous solution showed sustained drug release. The results of drug release tests of nanoparticles redispersed from nanocomposite particles showed that the nanoparticles prepared using 0.50% and 2.00% (w/v) PVA aqueous solution suppressed the initial burst. Therefore, we considered that the results of the drug release behavior of the nanoparticles in these particles reflectsreflect the release behavior of the nanoparticles from the nanocomposite particles. These results indicate that the rate of redispersion from nanocomposite particles to nanoparticles can be controlled by changing the concentration of PVA aqueous solution.We synthesized hydrophilic amine-based protic ionic liquids (PILs) with hydroxy groups in their cations and anions, and characterized their adsorption at a solid (iron-based substrate) / aqueous solution interface. The IL samples employed in this study were triethanolamine lactate, diethanolamine lactate, and monoethanolamine lactate. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) measurements revealed that the adsorption mass of the hydrophilic PILs was larger than that of the comparative materials, including a non-IL sample (1,2,6-hexanetriol) and an OH-free sample in the cations (triethylamine lactate). Additionally, an increase in the number of hydroxy groups in the cations resulted in an increased adsorption mass. TAK875 Force curve measurements by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements proved the high adsorption density of the hydrophilic PILs on the iron-based substrate. A decreased kinetic friction coefficient was also observed in the hydrophilic PIL systems. Moreover, hydrophilic PILs are expected to have potential applications as water-soluble lubricants and additives for metal surface treatments.In this study, the relationship between the composition and rheological properties of peanut oil bodies from aqueous enzymatic extraction was evaluated. Aqueous enzymatic extraction using a combination of cellulase and pectinase at a 11 ratio effectively destroyed the structure of the cell wall and resulted in the maximum oil body yield of 90.7%. The microstructure and interfacial membrane composition of the peanut oil bodies were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The oil bodies contained three inherent proteins (oleosin, caleosin, and steroleosin) along with two adsorbed foreign proteins (arachin and lipoxygenase). Five phospholipids were detected using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Among them, phosphatidylcholine, which plays a major role in the stability of oil bodies, was the most abundant. The measured rheological properties indicated that the oil bodies were a typical elastic system. Elevated temperature and high-speed shear destroyed the binding between proteins and phospholipids, reducing the oil body stability. The findings will facilitate the commercial application of peanut oil bodies by improving the extraction rate of peanut oil bodies and clarifying their stabilization mechanism.Practical Application This paper studies the enzymatic extraction, composition and rheological properties of peanut oil bodies. It provides a theoretical basis for the large-scale application of peanut oil bodies in the food and cosmetic industries. It is beneficial to improve the application value of peanut resources.
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