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System development and also in-vitro/ex-vivo analysis for any polysaccharide-based colon specific matrix tablet.
Cell cycle analysis showed that Phloretin caused accumulation of the SNU-1 cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle triggering G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. The G0/G1 arrest of SNU-1 cells was also associated with depletion of cyclin D1 and D2 expression. Wound healing and transwell assays showed that Phloretin suppressed the migration of the SNU-1 gastric cancer cells, suggestive of the anti-metastatic potential of this molecule. Finally, this molecule also blocked the ERK1/2/MAPK signalling pathway in SNU-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Phloretin may prove beneficial as a promising drug candidate for gastric cancer treatment provided further studies are carried out on it, especially toxicological studies.PURPOSE To explore the influence of long non-coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) on the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. METHODS SNHG1 was knocked down using small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 and then the changes in the expression levels of SNHG1 and Notch1 in each group of cells were evaluated via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS After intervention of SNHG1 by siRNAs, compared with NC-siRNA group, SNHG1-siRNA group exhibited notably lowered RNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of SNHG1 and Notch1 (p less then 0.05), a substantially lowered proliferation rate (p less then 0.05), a remarkably raised apoptosis rate (p less then 0.05) and markedly decreased protein expression levels of Notch1 and Bax (p less then 0.05). Additionally, the cells treated with Notch1 inhibitor had the proliferation substantially inhibited (p less then 0.05), while there was no notable change in the RNA expression of SNHG1 in the cells. CONCLUSIONS LncRNA SNHG1 can depend on the Notch1 pathway to suppress the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and promote their apoptosis.PURPOSE To investigate the ex-vivo efficacy of immunotherapeutics and chemotherapeutics in bladder cancer primary cell cultures, to assess the applicability of the method according to the results and to evaluate suitability of the oncogram method for personalized treatment of bladder cancer. METHODS After receiving ethics committee approval, tumor tissue was obtained from patients with transurethral resection performed due to bladder tumor from 2015 to 2017. Primary culture was produced from the obtained fresh tissue. Each culture was divided into 6 groups. The control group had only medium applied, while the other groups had Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), Interferon-α (IFN-α), Gemcitabine, BCG+IFN-α and BCG+Gemcitabine, respectively. Viability tests in the 24th hour were performed on each culture. The results of all cases were compared with their own controls. Also, results of each case were compared between the cases with similar pathologic results. RESULTS The study assessed 24 bladder cancer cases. Mean patient age was 66.2±11.7 years (34-83), with 19 male (79.5%) and 5 female patients (20.5%). When data were compared between the groups, viability percentages were 31.2%, 30.9%, 27.7%, 32.1% and 29.4% in the BCG, IFN-α, Gemcitabine, BCG+IFN-α and BCG+Gemcitabine groups compared with their own controls (73.1%), respectively (p less then 0.001). In addition, we found that viability results were not similar in all cases. CONCLUSIONS Cell cultures produced from bladder cancer tissue might help to determine sensitivity to treatment. This ex-vivo method (oncogram) is a simple and applicable method that can be used for personalized treatment before intravesical or systemic therapy.PURPOSE We report our experience with 23 cases in utilizing ileum to perform totally intracorporeal 3D laparoscopic neobladder reconstruction using two different surgical techniques. METHODS Patients candidates for reconstructive surgery were in a good biological status with a body mass index (BMI) in the range of 18.5-25 and presented a muscle-infiltrative bladder tumor with negative nodal frozen sections performed during the operation. Twenty-one modified Studer neobladder and 2 modified Y-shaped neobladder techniques for totally intracorporeal 3D laparoscopic ileal neobladder cases were performed using drawings and intra-operative images. An emphasis was made on different tips and tricks that can be applied when using ileum for the neobladder reconstruction, to avoid surgical complications and obtain optimal functional results. RESULTS The operations were performed in a mean time of 5 h, with a mean blood loss of 350 ml and grade II postoperative Clavien Dindo complications. Abraxane inhibitor The 23 patients were discharged after a mean hospital stay of 21 days and had a functional ileal neobladder after a mean of 30 days. The results were monitored also on the long-term, taking into account functional results and possible complications from utilizing ileum as a urinary reservoir. CONCLUSION Resecting a digestive segment and using it as a urinary reservoir may lead to multiple complications. Therefore, laparoscopic technical adaptations and highly skilled surgical teams are required for performing a totally intracorporeal 3D laparoscopic orthotopic ileal neobladder reconstruction.PURPOSE The primary purpose of the current study was to investigate the antitumor activity of limonene which is a plant monoterpene along with evaluating its effects on cell apoptosis, cell cycle phase distribution, cell migration and invasion. METHODS The cell proliferation of T24 bladder cancer cells was examined by WTS-1 assay. The apoptotic effects induced by limonene were investigated by a combination of fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry and then confirmed by western blot assay. The effects of limonene on cell cycle in T24 bladder cancer cells were studied by flow cytometry. The effects on cell migration and invasion were examined by wound healing assay and transwell assay using Matrigel. RESULTS The results showed that limonene induced cytotoxic effects and reduced cell viability of T24 human bladder cancer cells showing an IC50 value of 9 μM. Limonene also induced significant apoptosis in bladder cancer cells since it induced significant nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and splitting of the nucleus, representative of the apoptotic cascade.
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