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Full Temporomandibular Shared Substitute and Multiple Orthognathic Surgery Utilizing Computer-Assisted Surgical treatment.
Amongst the test groups, Endosequence BC RRM putty displayed improved fracture strength, and Geristore exhibited the least resistance to fracture. Fracture strength values were not statistically different among Endosequence fast set putty and Biodentine group samples immediately and after thermo-mechanical cyclic loading (P=0.5987 and 0.9999 respectively). The fracture strength was notsignificantly different between Geristore and without root-end filling groups (P=0.3530).

Endodontically treated teeth with Endosequence BC RRM putty or Biodentine root-end filled teeth had shown better fracture resistance compared to Geristore. Retrofilling with Geristore was not able to improve fracture strength of root canal-treated teeth.
Endodontically treated teeth with Endosequence BC RRM putty or Biodentine root-end filled teeth had shown better fracture resistance compared to Geristore. Retrofilling with Geristore was not able to improve fracture strength of root canal-treated teeth.
To compare the shaping ability of the XP-endo Shaper (XPS) system to the ProTaper Next (PTN) system in oval-shaped distal root canals.

From 12 mandibular molars, distal roots with moderately curved single oval canals were randomly assorted to be instrumented with XPS (experimental group) or PTN (control group) and then scanned using micro-computed tomography [Scan 1]. The root canals of the XPS samples were prepared following the manufacturer's instructions using 15 insertions (XPS15) and rescanned [Scan 2]. An additional 10 insertions to the working length were applied, totalling 25 insertions (XPS25), and the roots were rescanned again [Scan 3]. PTN samples were prepared up to the X3 instrument (PTNX3) and rescanned [Scan 2]. The dentine removed and the unprepared areas were assessed. Data were analysed using a t-test with significance at α=0.05.

XPS25 was associated with a significantly greater dentine removal than XPS15 over the entire root canal length and in all three-thirds of the root canal (P<0.05). XPS25 significantly removed more dentine than PTNX3 in only the coronal third (P<0.05). XPS25 was also associated with a significantly smaller percentage of unprepared areas than XPS15 overall and in the coronal third (P<0.05). PTNX3 was associated with a significantly larger percentage of unprepared areas than XPS15 and XPS25 overall and in the coronal and middle thirds (P<0.05).

Ten additional movements with XPS significantly improved instrumentation capacity, reducing the percentage of untouched surface areas but also removing more dentine.
Ten additional movements with XPS significantly improved instrumentation capacity, reducing the percentage of untouched surface areas but also removing more dentine.
This study sought to analyse the relationship between mandibular posterior teeth and the surrounding anatomical structures.

A total of 170 CBCT images were examined to obtain measurements regarding the following buccolingual (BL) and mesiodistal (MD) root thickness at the standard level of resection (3 mm from the apex), the thickness of the overlying buccal and lingual bone at the same level, the proximity of the mandibular canal (MC) to the apices of the mandibular posterior teeth, as well as the horizontal location of the mental foramen (MF).

The BL root width at 3 mm from the apex was the broadest at the mesial roots of the first molars with males 5.33±0.99 mm and females 5.16±0.88 mm (mean±SD). The root width was narrowest at the second premolars (males 3.80±0.83 mm; females 3.61±0.60 mm). At the same level; the buccal bone was thickest over the distal roots of the second molars (males 6.92±1.85 mm; females 6.95±1.95 mm) and thinnest over the first premolars (males 1.73±0.93 mm; females 1.49±1.01 m thickness decreased, and the distance to the MC became closer. CBCT analysis provides distortion- and superimposition-free images of the relevant anatomic structures.
To compare the removal of calcium hydroxide (CaOH) pastes containing N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), lidocaine, glycerine, methylcellulose, or water from artificially created grooves.

In this study, 115 human single-rooted maxillary incisors with single and straight root canals were prepared using a rotary file up to size 40/.04 and split longitudinally. A longitudinal groove was created from 2 to 5 mm from the apex and filled with CaOH combined with different vehicles. The specimens were divided among 5 experimental groups according to the vehicle as follows distilled water, lidocaine, glycerine, methylcellulose, and NMP. The two halves were re-attached, and the canals were flushed with 10 ml of 17% EDTA for 60 seconds. The residual amount of CaOH was scored using a stereomicroscope at 8× magnification. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.

The NMP-based group exhibited significantly less residual medicament compared to the distilled water (P<0.05), while there were no statistically significant differences among the methylcellulose-, lidocaine-, and glycerine-based groups and distilled water (P>0.05).

The vehicle is an important factor in the successful removal of CaOH medicament from the root canals. Within the limitations of the present study, the NMP-based CaOH medicament exhibited better removal efficacy than the distilled water. Acetalax chemical structure However, the cleaning success of the methylcellulose-, lidocaine-, and glycerine-based groups was similar to that of distilled water.
The vehicle is an important factor in the successful removal of CaOH medicament from the root canals. Within the limitations of the present study, the NMP-based CaOH medicament exhibited better removal efficacy than the distilled water. However, the cleaning success of the methylcellulose-, lidocaine-, and glycerine-based groups was similar to that of distilled water.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bending and torsional resistance of the following instruments Mtwo 25/.07 (MT - VDW, Munich, Germany), Navigator W-XN 25.07 (WXN - Wizard Navigator, Medin, Nové Město na Moravě, Czech Republic), ProTaper Universal SX 19/.04 (PSX - Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, USA), MK Orifice Shapper 17/.08 (OS - MK Life Medical and Dental Products, Porto Alegre, Brazil) and MK Sequence 17.12 (MKS - MK Life Medical and Dental Products, Porto Alegre, Brazil).

One hundred instruments were used (n=20). Resistance to bending (n=10), torque and angular deflection (n=10) at the failure of new instruments were measured according to ISO 3630-1. Metal mass volume at 3 mm from the tip was evaluated using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The fractured surface of each fragment was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analysed using 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests.

Torsional resistance values of MK Sequence were higher than the other groups (ity, and ProTaper Universal SX the 19/.04 lower bending stiffness.
The purpose of this prospective quantitative study was to assess the improvement of skills among pre-clinical dental students who practiced root canal obturation on a 3D-printed tooth model.

Preclinical students at the dental school (n=145) enrolled in the 2-week endodontic rotation course were invited to participate in the study. Four alphabetically distributed intact groups of first-year students were randomly allocated to either the control or the experimental group that obturated canals of a 3D-printed tooth. The plastic model was obtained from a microCT scan and based on an STL data set. The model was an identical replica of a natural mandibular molar that had been instrumented, ready for obturation. The control group did not obturate the tooth model but received identical instruction. Later in the course all students obturated an extracted human mandibular molar tooth. Technical obturation quality was assessed by two blinded evaluators. Radiographs were used to evaluate obturation length and density. Inter-observer reliability of average performance scores was calculated with the intra-class correlation coefficient for both consistency and absolute agreement. Obturation skills of those who practiced with the model were statistically compared to students who did not use the model with the Mann-Whitney U-test.

Inter-observer reliability was very high for both consistency and absolute agreement. No significant differences were found in obturation skills between the experimental and control group (P>0.05).

Under the condition of this study, dental students' obturation skills did not significantly improve by further practicing obturation using a 3D-printed model.
Under the condition of this study, dental students' obturation skills did not significantly improve by further practicing obturation using a 3D-printed model.The report of the Executive Committee for 2020 is presented.The intrinsic, hyperbolic crystallography of the Diamond and Gyroid minimal surfaces in their conventional unit cells is introduced and analysed. Tables are constructed of symmetry subgroups commensurate with the translational symmetries of the surfaces as well as group-subgroup lattice graphs.Understanding the properties of tilings is of increasing relevance to the study of aperiodic tilings and tiling spaces. This work considers the statistical properties of the hull of a primitive substitution tiling, where the hull is the family of all substitution tilings with respect to the substitution. A method is presented on how to arrive at the frequency module of the hull of a primitive substitution tiling (the minimal bb Z-module, where bb Z is the set of integers) containing the absolute frequency of each of its patches. The method involves deriving the tiling's edge types and vertex stars; in the process, a new substitution is introduced on a reconstructed set of prototiles.A formula is presented for the generation of chiral m-fold multiply twinned two-dimensional point sets of even twin modulus m > 6 from an integer inclination sequence; in particular, it is discussed for the first three non-degenerate cases m = 8, 10, 12, which share a connection to the aperiodic crystallography of axial quasicrystals exhibiting octagonal, decagonal and dodecagonal long-range orientational order and symmetry.Powder diffraction and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis are well established techniques for investigation of atomic configurations in crystalline materials, and the two are related by a Fourier transformation. In diffraction experiments, structural information, such as crystallite size and microstrain, is contained within the peak profile function of the diffraction peaks. However, the effects of the PXRD (powder X-ray diffraction) peak profile function on the PDF are not fully understood. Here, all the effects from a Voigt diffraction peak profile are solved analytically, and verified experimentally through a high-quality X-ray total scattering measurement on Ni powder. The Lorentzian contribution to the microstrain broadening is found to result in Voigt-shaped PDF peaks. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that an improper description of the Voigt shape during model refinement leads to overestimation of the atomic displacement parameter.A geometric method of lattice reduction based on cycles of directional and hyperplanar shears is presented. The deviation from cubicity at each step of the reduction is evaluated by a parameter called `basis rhombicity' which is the sum of the absolute values of the elements of the metric tensor associated with the basis. The levels of reduction are quite similar to those obtained with the Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovász (LLL) algorithm, at least up to the moderate dimensions that have been tested (lower than 20). The method can be used to reduce unit cells attached to given hyperplanes.
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