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Connection associated with Caspase Three or more Activation and also H2AX γ Phosphorylation within the Getting older Brain: Studies on Without treatment as well as Irradiated Rats.
INTRODUCTION Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the prostate is a rare type of prostate cancer. Only eighteen case reports have been published in the literature to date. The present case report is the first case in the literature to describe brain metastasis of LCNEC of the prostate with neuroimaging, gross, and microscopic evaluation with immunohistochemistry CASE PRESENTATION A 79-year old male with a history of high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) who presented after remission with a severe headache and limbs weakness. Neuroimaging showed large right frontal lesion that caused a mass effect. Tumor resection was done, and the biopsy showed LCNEC of prostatic origin. The patient survived for 40 days after the diagnosis and tumor removal. DISCUSSION We discuss the spectrum of neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate carcinomas and the possible pathological pathways leading to the development of LCNEC of the prostate, and how it affects the presentation and the pattern of metastasis. CONCLUSION This case report describes a brain metastasis of a rare aggressive type of prostate cancer with poor prognosis. With metastatic lesions of prostatic adenocarcinoma, the probability of NE transdifferentiation increases. LCNEC has a poor prognosis attributed to its nature and late diagnosis. Thus, reporting and investigating such tumor will positively contribute to better management for future patients. INTRODUCTION Odontogenic pathological lesions can generally be divided into cysts and tumors. Calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) is a non-aggressive odontogenic cyst, however, in a few occasions, COC can show excessive growth and destruction. This study describes an uncommon aggressive presentation of a large COC and discusses the treatment strategies used to achieve a favorable result. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 11-year-old child sought treatment for a painless growth on his mandible that caused facial asymmetry. On clinical and imaging examination, a large radiolucent lesion was observed in a panoramic x-ray involving the right side of the mandible. Radiopaque areas were observed within the lesion. Treatment comprised of an initial marsupialization followed by surgical removal of the lesion. Follow up extended for more than 10 years and no signs of recurrence were observed. DISCUSSION Initial marsupialization was successfully employed in order to decrease the lesion, inducing bone formation, and reducing the risk of mandibular fracture and inferior alveolar nerve damage. Four months after marsupialization, the lesion substantially reduced its volume and enucleation with peripheral ostectomy was carried out. This approach allowed a safer surgical removal of the lesion and achieve an excellent result. CONCLUSION Although some authors consider marsupialization as an unnecessary step that delays final treatment, when well indicated, it facilitates surgical treatment, promotes and preserves normal tissues, reduces the necessity of surgical reconstruction and costs, yet showing excellent results. INTRODUCTION Isolated closed rupture or avulsion of the flexor digitomm superficialis (FDS) tendon at its insertion is a rare diagnosis. It can be related to a pathology such as rheumatoid arthritis, bony abnormalities, tenosynovitis, fractures, or tuberculosis. A review of the literature identified only few cases of closed avulsion or rupture of FDS tendons nonpathologically. We hope this report will help to gather more experience for the surgical intervention in a delayed presentation of ruptured flexor digitorm superficialis tendon. The work has been reported in line with the SCARE criteria. PRESENTATION OF CASE We report a case of 48-year-old surgeon who sustained a trauma to her left middle finger. The patient presented three months after injury with complaints of pain and decreased range of motion of involved digit. Patient was treated conservatively and after failure of conservative treatment surgical intervention was done with complete tendon excision and capsulotomy of Proximal interphalangeal joint. Patient retained full range of motion and pain subsided. DISCUSSION Isolated closed avulsions or rupture of the FDS tendon is a challenging entity in hand surgery in diagnosis and treatment. Nonsurgical treatment with splinting and physiotherapy might help to prevent flexion deformity. The surgical treatment include tenolysis, flexor digitorum superficialis tendon excision, and in selected patients capsulotomies of involved joints. CONCLUSION A review of the literature identified only few cases of closed avulsion of FDS tendons nonpathologically. Early diagnosis and intervention can prevent sequel of flexion contracture. With the advent of new genetic technologies such as gene silencing and gene drive, efforts to develop additional management tools for weed management is gaining significant momentum. These technologies promise novel ways to develop sustainable weed control options because gene silencing can switch-off genes mediating adaptation (e.g. growth, herbicide resistance), and gene drive can be used to spread modified traits and to engineer wild populations with reduced fitness. However, applying gene silencing and/or gene drive is expected to be inherently complex as their application is constrained by several methodological and technological difficulties. In this review we explore the challenges of these technologies, and discuss strategies and resources accessible to accelerate the development of gene-tech based tools for weed management. We also highlight how gene technologies can be integrated into existing management tactics such as classical biological control, and their possible interactions. Invasive alien plants reduce ecosystem service delivery, resulting in environmental, economic and social costs. Here we review the returns on investment from biological control of alien plants that invade natural ecosystems. Quantifying the economic benefits of biological control requires estimates of the reductions in ecosystem goods and services arising from invasion. Tariquidar It also requires post-release monitoring to assess whether biological control can restore them, and conversion of these estimates to monetary values, which has seldom been done. Past studies, mainly from Australia and South Africa, indicate that biological control delivers positive and substantial returns on investment, with benefitcost ratios ranging from 81 to over 30001. Recent studies are rare, but they confirm that successful biological control delivers attractive returns on investment, which increase over time as the value of avoided impacts accumulates. Crown All rights reserved.
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