Notes

Clomiphene Citrate Displays Successful as well as Sustained Anti-microbial Task in opposition to Mycobacterium abscessus.
Preliminary evidence from preclinical and clinical studies indicates that GMB composition changes are associated with SCZ pathogenesis and AP-induced metabolic perturbations. Fecal microbiota transplantation from SCZ patients to mice has been shown to induce SCZ-like behavioral phenotypes, further supporting the plausible role of GMB in SCZ pathogenesis. This scoping review recapitulates the preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting the role of GMB in SCZ symptomatology and metabolic adverse effects associated with APs. Moreover, this scoping review also discusses the therapeutic potentials of prebiotic/probiotic formulations in improving SCZ symptoms and attenuating metabolic alterations related to APs.
The persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has placed a significant burden on the scientific and medical professions. The study examined the association between body mass index (BMI), stratified by category, and severe form of COVID-19, and to explore the influence of demographic characteristics and other known risk factors.

This was a retrospective analysis based on COVID-19 data from the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health. Data were collected for all patients admitted to three main hospitals in Riyadh region between March 1st and July 30, 2020. The effects of BMI, demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and comorbidities on infection severity were investigated.

A total of 950 patients were included in the study (70% male, 85% aged younger than 60 years old). A total of 55 (5.8%) patients were underweight, 263 (27.7%) were normal weight, 351 (37%) were overweight, 161 (17%) were obese class I, 76 (8%) were obese class II, and 44 (4.6%) were obese class III. Cough, fever, and shortness of breath were the most common symptoms among overweight patients. According to the findings of a bivariate logistic regression study, class III obesity was significantly associated with a more severe form of COVID-19 (odds ratio, 2.874; 95% confidence interval, 1.344-6.149).

This study revealed that patients with a BMI ≥40 kg/m
had a higher risk of severe COVID-19 than those with normal weight. This suggests that obesity is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 and influences disease presentation.
This study revealed that patients with a BMI ≥40 kg/m2 had a higher risk of severe COVID-19 than those with normal weight. TP-0184 cell line This suggests that obesity is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 and influences disease presentation.
Transition to bioeconomy requires all actors and stakeholders to measure the impact of systems that use bioresources and technologies to provision society. There are however some challenges with integrating LCA into business development and management, which have important implications for bioeconomy. There have been many LCA studies published in the twenty-first century, but the question must be answered how useful are these LCA studies to help understand and manage transition to sustainable bioeconomy?

This research used a structured literature review to identify 83 bioeconomy LCA studies published from January 2006 to June 2021 (excluding bioenergy). The studies were analysed for compliance with the ISO 14044 standard, with specific reference to the goal, commissioning perspective, system boundary, function and functional unit, impact methods and categories.

It was found that more than 85% of the studies reviewed failed to present the required goal statement and a description of the function of the sransformers of the system to a sustainable footing.

If LCA studies are going to provide meaningful information for actors and stakeholders to assess whether a system will be able to operate sustainably, studies should include a full, integrated system, standards should be adhered to and approaches should perhaps go beyond mere eco-efficiency, or doing less harm, as these are not necessarily indicative of sustainability. Historical bioeconomy LCA studies do not provide great insight into the transition to sustainable bioeconomy.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11367-022-02053-w.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11367-022-02053-w.
Based on cleaner production and circular economy concepts, chars were produced through thermochemical conversion of grape bagasse and then used as adsorbents to uptake Cu(II) from aqueous media since Cu(II) is a common element found in fungicides to treat grapevines. The grape bagasse and char characteristics were investigated through several analytical techniques (TGA, SEM, XRD, FTIR, and BET). Three chars were obtained using different pyrolysis temperatures 700, 800, and 900°C. The materials had similar removal percentages and adsorption capacity. The char produced at 700°C was chosen due to its lower production cost. Studies were conducted on the adsorbent dosage and pH effect, adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics. The most efficient dosage was 1.5g L
, and the pH was 5.5. The kinetic study showed that the equilibrium was reached in 60min and the pseudo-second-order model presents the best fit. After the temperature influence study (25, 35, 45, and 55°C), it was possible to verify that Cu(II) adsorption through char was favored at 55°C. The Freundlich model showed the best fit for the experimental data. The highest removal percentage was 96.56%, and the high maximum adsorption capacity was 42mgg
. The thermodynamic study shows the adsorption as a spontaneous process, favorable, and endothermic.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13399-022-02792-8.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13399-022-02792-8.
The worsening climate crisis impels society to accelerate climate action. The attainable speed of the energy transition is ultimately limited by the available energy to build the replacing renewable infrastructures. Decarbonizing the energy system by replacing dispatchable fossil with variable renewable power requires energy storage to match supply with demand. Current storage technologies are energetically expensive to build and operate, thus the demand for storage shapes the fastest possible transition and the probability to exceed 1.5°C heating. This study explores and quantifies the effect of demanded storage and its technological progress on the fastest possible transition constrained only by energy. The simulation results using three exemplary storage technologies show that storage substantially delays the transition and increases the probability to exceed 1.5°C heating. Technological progress, if materialized fast, can reduce energy costs of storage; however, storage demand remains a critical driver for climate risks. Consequently, minimizing storage demand through a supply-driven power system effectively reduces climate risks-a paradigm shift towards a solar-aligned "sunflower society".

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41247-022-00097-y.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41247-022-00097-y.The contracting out of public goods and services has become a central feature of the UK's state machinery, with more than £350 billion spent annually on services ranging from rubbish collection to building submarines. In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the UK government took the unprecedented step of incorporating private providers at a national scale to deliver emergency services which were previously the purview of the state. To achieve this, the government used emergency legislation temporarily to remove competitive tenders and reduced reporting processes. In doing so, it substantially re-orientated its relationship with private providers, moving from a position of a principal granting its authority to deliver services to something more akin to a partner organisation leveraging private resources. This shift in power dynamics, coupled with an ongoing government ambition to expand the UK's public service markets, risks a permanent change in government-provider relations, to the detriment of the UK's contracting out framework.Crises like the Covid-19 pandemic place an added premium on the social contract underpinning principal-agent relations in representative democracies, which relies, at a fundamental level, on conditional trust judgements by those without power in those with decision-making authority to act in their better interests. Existing studies of political trust during the pandemic suggest that it has been both a symptom of government activity as well as a cause of its success or failure. Presenting original longitudinal data collected from UK citizens at the start of the pandemic and again twenty months later, the article teases apart these dynamics and their implications. It shows, for example, that the public became less trusting and more distrusting of politicians during this unique moment, and that these trends are strongly linked to performance evaluations of the UK government as well as public compliance with mandatory and non-mandatory policies such as vaccination and mask wearing.Libertarian ideas of self-ownership and the priority of bodily autonomy have featured prominently in the political debate over vaccination programmes and the justifiability or otherwise of restricting the liberty of the unvaccinated. In this article we look at a selection of recent right-libertarian literature to show that there is a considerable divergence between the application of consistent libertarian principles to this issue by academic libertarians and the strident opposition to vaccination programmes and vaccine mandates expressed by people who profess to be libertarians in the public-political debate.Opposition to vaccines is not a new phenomenon, but positions once associated with traditional religious or conservative stances have given way to some highly disparate views that transcend traditional left/right/religious divisions. This article reviews recent literature showing how social media has contributed to the spread of conspiracy theories around Covid-19 and mass vaccination programmes. The narratives discussed are principally those of the right and the religious right.
In India, the retail prices of bidis and cigarettes varied between the two Global Adult Tobacco Surveys (GATS) conducted in 2009-2010 and 2016-2017. The relationship between the retail price of smoked tobacco products and their use is unclear for India. Our study thus aimed to use available datasets to investigate the association between the retail price and current smoking status of bidis and cigarettes in India.

Current smoking status data for bidis and cigarettes were obtained from the two GATS rounds. The average state-level retail prices of bidis and cigarettes were obtained from India's Consumer Price Index- Industrial Workers database. Descriptive statistics were used to describe current smoking status patterns. Generalized Linear Mixed Models were used to investigate the association between the retail prices and current smoking status of bidis and cigarettes.

For cigarettes, an increase in the average retail price by one Indian Rupee was associated with a reduction in the odds of being a current smoker of 7% (OR=0.
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