Notes

EWSR1-PATZ1 mix kidney cell carcinoma: a new frequent gene combination characterizing thyroid-like follicular renal mobile carcinoma.
5; 95% CI,-18 to 25; P= .75). There was a linear relationship between the time of postoperative EGD and the rate of esophagitis (β= 0.13; 95% CI, 0.06-0.20; P= .0005); the risk of esophagitis increased by 13% each year after SG.

The prevalence of BE in patients who had EGD after SG appears to be high. There was no correlation with GERD symptoms. Most cases were observed after 3 years of follow-up. Screening for BE should be considered in patients after SG even in the absence of GERD symptoms postoperatively.
The prevalence of BE in patients who had EGD after SG appears to be high. There was no correlation with GERD symptoms. Most cases were observed after 3 years of follow-up. Screening for BE should be considered in patients after SG even in the absence of GERD symptoms postoperatively.The Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) is a highly commercial species and comprises the largest spiny lobster fishery in the world. Although populations have declined throughout its range, there is little known regarding its diseases and pathogens. The objectives of this study were to provide illustrated and standardized methods for postmortem examination, and to describe baseline gross and microscopic pathology for P. argus. From July 2017-March 2019, a postmortem examination including comprehensive histological assessment was performed on 313 fishery-caught lobsters. Epibionts and lesions observed include branchial cirriped infestation (69%), branchial encysted nemertean worm larvae (23%), tail fan necrosis (11%), skeletal muscle necrosis (7%), antennal gland calculi (6%), branchial infarction (2%), and microsporidiosis (0.6%). This report confirms the rare prevalence of microsporidiosis in P. argus and describes nemertean worm larvae in the gill. This study also reports a condition resembling excretory calcinosis in spiny lobster. The methods and data produced by this study facilitate disease diagnosis and sustainable stock management of P. argus.
Emerging invasive fungal infections (IFI) have become a notable challenge. Apart from the more frequently described fusariosis, lomentosporiosis, mucormycosis, scedosporiosis, and certain dematiaceae or yeasts, little is known about extremely rare IFI.

Extremely rare IFI collected in the FungiScope
registry were grouped as Dematiaceae, Hypocreales, Saccharomycetales, Eurotiales, Dermatomycetes, Agaricales, and Mucorales.

Between 2003 and June 2019, 186 extremely rare IFI were documented in FungiScope
. check details Dematiaceae (35.5%), Hypocreales (23.1%), Mucorales (11.8%), and Saccharomycetales (11.3%) caused most IFI. Most patients had an underlying malignancy (38.7%) with acute leukemia accounting for 50% of cancers. Dissemination was observed in 26.9% of the patients. Complete or partial clinical response rate was 68.3%, being highest in Eurotiales (82.4%) and in Agaricales (80.0%). Overall mortality rate was 29.3%, ranging from 11.8% in Eurotiales to 50.0% in Mucorales.

Physicians are confronted with a complex variety of fungal pathogens, for which treatment recommendations are lacking and successful outcome might be incidental. Through an international consortium of physicians and scientists, these cases of extremely rare IFI can be collected to further investigate their epidemiology and eventually identify effective treatment regimens.
Physicians are confronted with a complex variety of fungal pathogens, for which treatment recommendations are lacking and successful outcome might be incidental. Through an international consortium of physicians and scientists, these cases of extremely rare IFI can be collected to further investigate their epidemiology and eventually identify effective treatment regimens.One of the most intriguing questions in invasive biology is how an introduced species changes its population parameters in a new environment. Translocation of free-living species commonly results in co-introduction of their parasites. The current study focuses on the abundance pattern of the monogenean parasite Ligophorus llewellyni of the pacific so-iuy mullet, Planiliza haematocheila, across the native and introduced distribution ranges. We evaluated parasite release by the so-iuy mullet by comparing abundance patterns of L. llewellyni under effects of the host length, water temperature and month of the year in the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Azov. Generalised additive models applied to analysis of parasite abundance data showed that relationships between the mean number of L. llewellyni and the three tested independent variables were not linear. Our results suggest that the introduced host lost a large amount of parasite abundance due to the effect of warm climate in a new region, which is mediated by hostractions of invasive populations.Diffusion-weighted MRI is the forerunner of the rapidly developed microstructure MRI (μMRI) aimed at in vivo evaluation of the cellular tissue architecture. This brief review focuses on the spatiotemporal scales of the microstructure that are accessible using different diffusion MRI techniques and the need to weight the measurability against the interpretability of results. Diffusion phenomena and models are first classified in two-dimensional space (the q-t-plane) of the measurement with narrow gradient pulses. Three-dimensional parameter space of the Stejskal-Tanner diffusion weighting adds more phenomena to this collection. Modern measurement techniques with larger number of parameters are briefly discussed under the overarching idea of diffusion weighting matching the geometry of the targeted cell species.
Significant progress has been made over the last 50 years in the design, development and testing of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in mediating different levels of tactile sensations. However, without knowing how best to stimulate the nerve fibers, the elicited sensation quality will always remain poor and unnatural.

A new biomimetic 3D TENS computational model is developed to quantify the neural activation mechanism with varied surface electrodes. This model includes seven-layered anatomical structure of the forearm and biophysically-detailed myelinated Aβ fibers. The Aβ-fiber diameters from 1.5 - 7.5 μm were randomly distributed beneath the skin to mimic the physiologically-realistic fiber population. The arithmetic averaging algorithm and Gaussian filter were adopted to identify the sensation center and to quantify sensation intensities under different stimulation conditions.

Fibers larger than 4.5 μm can usually be activated producing tactile sensations such as light touch, pressure, buzz, and vibration.
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