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t score interpretation. Thresholds for the HOS, mHHS, iHOT-12, and iHOT-33 describe desirable absolute PROM scores and minimum and substantial change scores within 5 years following hip arthroscopy. Despite substantial heterogeneity in calculation methodology, included cohorts, and follow-up time, available interpretability values could be meaningfully summarized.

In light of increasing use of PROMs in orthopaedics, a summary of the available CIOVs provides guidance for clinicians in mapping numerical scores from PROMs onto clinical benchmarks.
In light of increasing use of PROMs in orthopaedics, a summary of the available CIOVs provides guidance for clinicians in mapping numerical scores from PROMs onto clinical benchmarks.
The direct anterior approach (DAA) for primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) has recently increased in popularity. Recent evidence has raised concerns about whether use of the DAA is associated with increased rates of superficial and deep infection. The aim of this study was to systematically assess the literature and comparatively evaluate the rate of superficial and deep infection following primary THA using the DAA and non-direct anterior (non-DAA) approaches.

This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. Primary outcome measures evaluated were rates of superficial and deep infection in patients undergoing DAA and non-DAA primary THA.

A total of 1,872 studies were identified in the original search, of which 15 studies satisfied inclusion criteria. Our analysis evaluated 120,910 primary THAs, including 14,908 DAA and 106,002 non-DAA. The rate of superficial infection was 1.08% for DAA compared with 1.24% for non-DAA (odds ratio [OR] = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.79 to 1.30, p = 0.921). GSK650394 mw The rate of deep infection was 0.73% for DAA compared with 0.51% for non-DAA (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.80 to 1.32, p = 0.831).

This study found no difference in the rate of superficial or deep infection after primary THA using the DAA versus other surgical approaches. Our results suggest that comparative infection risk need not be a primary driver in the choice of surgical approach.

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The ability to estimate skeletal maturity using a knee radiograph would be useful in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and limb-length discrepancy in immature patients. Currently, a quick, accurate, and reproducible method is lacking.

Serial knee radiographs made 3 years before to 2 years following the chronologic age associated with 90% of final height (an enhanced skeletal maturity gold standard compared with peak height velocity) were analyzed in 78 children. The Pyle and Hoerr (PH) knee method was simplified by developing discrete stages for the distal part of the femur, the proximal part of the tibia, the proximal part of the fibula, and the patella. The Roche-Wainer-Thissen (RWT) knee method was simplified from the 36 original parameters to 14 parameters by removing parameters that were poorly defined, were not relevant to the peripubertal age range, were poorly correlated with 90% final height, or were poorly reliable on a 20-radiograph pilot analysis. We also compared the recently describeP (R2 = 0.925), or PH (R2 = 0.931).

This large analysis of knee skeletal maturity systems isolated 7 discrete radiographic knee parameters that theoretically outperform the GP bone age in estimating skeletal maturity.

We present a modified knee skeletal maturity system that can potentially preclude the need for additional imaging of the hand and wrist in reliably estimating skeletal maturity.
We present a modified knee skeletal maturity system that can potentially preclude the need for additional imaging of the hand and wrist in reliably estimating skeletal maturity.
The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly affected all facets of everyday life including the practice of medicine. Hospital systems and medical practices have evolved to protect patients, physicians, and staff and conserve personal protective equipment and resources. Orthopaedic practices have been specifically affected by social distancing and stay at home guidelines, limiting in-office practice and elective surgery restrictions. This, in turn, has had an effect on resident education. Previous literature has been published regarding how academic programs have adjusted to these changes. However, the effects on smaller orthopaedic residencies with nonacademic faculty has not been discussed. The orthopaedic residency at Baylor University Medical Center of Dallas is a fifteen-resident program with a combination of hospital employed and private practice faculty. We adjusted our resident education in mid-March 2020 to keep residents safe while trying to maximize surgical and clinical education and outside research.

Ouso adapt to the changing environment while continuing to provide residents safe opportunities for patient care, didactic education, and research. We believe we have come up with a sustainable, adaptable model for resident education during this challenging time.
This study investigated the relationship between varying levels of preoperative anemia and postoperative complications within 30 days of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA).

All patients who underwent TSA from 2015 to 2017 were queried from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement database. Patients were categorized based on preoperative hematocrit levels normal (>39% for men and >36% for women), mild anemia (29% to 39% for men and 29% to 36% for women), and severe anemia (<29% for both men and women).

A total of 10,547 patients were included in the study. Of these patients, 1,923 patients were (18.2%) in the mild anemia cohort and 146 (1.4%) were in the severe anemia cohort. Mild anemia was identified as a significant predictor of any complication (odds ratio [OR] 2.74, P < 0.001), stroke/cerebrovascular accident (OR 6.79, P = 0.007), postoperative anemia requiring transfusion (OR 6.58, P < 0.001), nonhome discharge (OR 1.79, P < 0.001), readmission (OR 1.63, P < 0.
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