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Our findings revealed that at low concentrations (0.1-1 mg/L), Pb can affect the mineral surface by surface absorption, whereas Pb precipitated as separated phase(s) (e.g. Pb10(PO4)6(OH)2, Pb hydroxide and/or phosphate) at high Pb concentrations (10-100 mg/L). Thus, the initial Pb2+ concentrations in wastewater will dictate final struvite contents and Pb-bearing phases in recovered solids.End-of-life tires are an increasingly important environmental burden. Since retreading is only partly possible, safe and economic methods of disposal need to be developed. Pyrolysis of ELTs, and subsequent upgrading/application of the produced energy carriers, is considered a valuable treatment method. In order to design the process, numerous operation units have to be taken into account. Char, vapour and gas are formed in the reactor. The char is purified from ZnO with a leaching process. The pyrolysis vapour is separated into a condensable fraction (oil) and a non-condensable fraction (gas) thanks to a cross-flow condenser with air as indirect cooling medium. The remaining gas is compressed to 6 bar a part of it is continuously converted in electricity for process use, while another part is stored for power generation at peak demand time. A flowsheet of the process is established and environmental and assessment of investments and production are discussed. For the pyrolytic treatment of 3 ton/hr of ELTs, the required heat for the reactor is 271 kW at 380 °C, provided by electrical heating elements. A reactor volume is determined for a residence time of about 6 h. For the cross-flow condenser, indirectly air-cooled, a heat-transfer area of about 13.2 m2 is required. The compression of the gas the pressurized pyrolytic gas storage tank depends upon the excess pyrolytic gas produced during operation. The char cooler requires a heat-transfer area of 10.2 m2, when indirectly cooled by water. Operating parameters of the leaching and subsequent recovery of Zn2+ complete the design. The product added-value and the large-scale capacity make the process economically viable, although the ROI is between 2 and 3 years.This article aimed to demonstrate solution hospital wastewater due to more consumption of antibiotics, public concern has been significantly increased for usage, fates and occurrences of these emerging compounds in the environments and biota. Therefore, it does need more discoveries about occurrences and new treatment methods. Since the conventional treatment methods are low efficient on antibiotics, integration and combination of biological systems together or with an additional process has been shown that provided a better result. However, here, the potential of a full scale combined treating system with activated sludge-scoria biofilter (ASSB) was investigated for removal of ceftriaxone (CEF) and amoxicillin (AMX). To determine the potential biodegradability of proposed system, the solid-water distribution coefficient (Kd) was calculated. Overally, 118 samples were collected from three points; wastewater entering, exiting the activated sludge, and exiting the biofilter. To determine the amount of CEF and AMX antibiotics, the samples were analyzed using HPLC-UV. The results showed that the activated sludge system were able to eliminate the AMX and CEF antibiotics about 70.36 and 84.49%, respectively. In compare to activated sludge, the average mean of ASSB system for the removal efficiency were 87.53% (for AMX) and 93.17% (for CEF), respectively. As a result, it can be found that the efficiency of the combined activated sludge-biofilter system in removing of the low levels of antibiotics was more than individual activated system. The result of Kd revealed that AMX (with a Kd about 0.172) has lower tendency to biomass rather than CEF (with a Kd about 0.512). The ecological toxicity assessment guaranteed there is no risk for fish and daphnia when the activated sludge and also ASSB effluents to be discharged into the environment even without any diluting.Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial condition characterized by insufficient tear lubrication and eye irritation. Air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), are an emerging threat to human health causing DES and other diseases. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of DES induced by PM exposure remain to be fully elucidated. Recent studies have attempted to create DES animal model using PM exposure. In this study, we explored a novel in vivo exposure model of DES, utilizing an inhalation device (aerosol exposure system) to reproduce the natural exposure to atmospheric PM. CX-3543 research buy Rats were exposed to urban PM (UPM) using this aerosol system for 5 h per day over 5 days. Tear volume in UPM-exposed rats decreased significantly, whereas corneal irregularity and lissamine green staining significantly increased following UPM exposure. Additional effects observed following UPM exposure included apoptosis in the corneal epithelium and a decrease in the number of goblet cells in the conjunctiva. UPM also affected the stability of the tear film by disrupting its mucin-4 layer. In conclusion, aerosol exposure systems have proven effective as assessment tools for DES caused by PM.Wastewater from printing and dyeing processes often contains aniline and high salinity, which are hazardous to aquatic species. Glycophytic plants cannot survive under high-salinity conditions, whereas halophytes grow well in such an environment. In this study, we investigated the influence of NaCl on the antioxidant level in Suaeda salsa affected by aniline stress. The seedlings showed various growth toxicity effects under different concentrations of aniline. The results showed that the effect of the aniline was more severe for the root growth compared to that for the shoot growth. Aniline exposure significantly increased the total free radicals and ·OH radicals in the plants. Suaeda salsa exposure to aniline caused oxidative stress by altering the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) activity, which resulted in the overproduction of H2O2 and the inducement of lipid peroxidation. Analysis revealed that the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was enhanced after aniline exposure and that the chlorophyll content was significantly decreased.
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