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Shortly after syphilis appeared in Europe at the time of Columbus' voyage to the New World, the big pox, as it was often known, became a serious issue in Russia for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Members of the Russian royal family were made aware of the disease from adolescence onward. Czar Peter the Great had many sexual contacts and could have contracted any number of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) that were quite common in his era. Nevertheless, contributions analyzed from available sources by his contemporary doctors, and later from medical analyses, reveal no evidence that he had contracted syphilis or any other STD. Most likely, he died from acute renal failure due to urinary tract obstruction.Modern dermatology, as a separate branch of medicine, came into being in the 19th century. Alfred Biesiadecki was an outstanding anatomic pathologist and the pioneer in the histopathologic examination of the skin. Tauroursodeoxycholic Biesiadecki was the first to describe the exact distribution of lymphatic vessels in the skin. He dealt with the histopathologic mechanisms of dermatitis and skin grafts, and his work was the forerunner of studies of neoplasms in the skin vasculature. His scientific achievements secured him a prominent place in the history of dermatology in Europe and around the globe. The present work outlines a biography of Alfred Biesiadecki and his most important studies of both dermatology and other branches of medicine.Franjo Kogoj (1894-1983) was the long-standing head of the University Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, and head of the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zagreb University School of Medicine, in Croatia. His collection is composed of 55 framed photographic portraits of world-renowned dermatologists, sometimes dated and signed, as well as 47 acknowledgments and diplomas connected with his memberships in international dermatologic societies. Attention is focused on the collection of photographic portraits.Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic clinical manifestations (DRESS syndrome) is a potentially fatal drug reaction that is hallmarked by a hypercytokinemic state that results in organ dysfunction. For this reason, plasmapheresis and therapeutic plasma exchange are being increasingly utilized in DRESS syndrome refractory to systemic corticosteroids to remove the pathogenic cytokines that cause end-organ damage. This contribution proposes a novel approach to DRESS syndrome complicated by acute kidney injury. Specifically, the authors argue that patients with DRESS syndrome complicated by acute kidney injury may benefit from utilization of specific forms of renal replacement therapy that also provide plasmapheresis. This is relevant acute kidney injury that develops in more than one-third of cases of DRESS syndrome with at least 10% of cases progressing to acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy. Renal replacement therapy can include intermittent hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapy.Paintings often show women with a clearance of the frontal hairline. We previously remarked how this was a form of pseudoalopecia that was voluntarily caused by women who shaved the frontal part of their hair for fashionable and esthetic reasons. In this paper, we emphasize in a second set of paintings showing a true alopecia that was caused by traction of the hair due to a tight hairstyle and was culturally favored in the 17th century.Popular culture has long used skin conditions to suggest a character's immorality, deviancy, or to give the reader terror. This is especially obvious in Gothic literature, which utilizes dark themes including supernaturalism. Some examples of famous characters from Gothic literature include Frankenstein's monster creation that has jaundiced skin, Dracula who has albinism, poliosis, and an obvious scar, and finally, Stanton in Melmoth the Wanderer, who has albinism. These skin conditions are reflections of the characters' inner selves and serve to underline that these characters exist outside the realm of normalcy.On April 10, 1912, America's leading humor magazine, Puck, featured on its cover a satirical political cartoon entitled The New Tattooed Man He Makes an Exhibition of Himself. The illustration depicts Theodore Roosevelt's skin covered with tattoos. This contribution tells the story behind this political cartoon and the role that it played in the 1912 presidential election. It also corrects mistaken Internet folklore that claims that Theodore Roosevelt had his family crest tattooed on his chest. He did not have such a tattoo. Roosevelt did, however, have gunpowder tattoos that he accidentally inflicted on himself as a 13-year-old boy. A brief review of gunpowder tattoos is provided.Wax models have occupied a unique position in the teaching of dermatology. The wax model offers a unique presentation of the morphology, often not captured by other methods. Much has already been written about the unfortunate fate of many of these collections. Some models went to historical collections, a few were saved to continue their didactic purpose, and still others met their untimely demise. There has been renewed interest in the preservation of these models in recent years, from dermatologists and historians alike, and this has led to increasing efforts to document the origin, migration, exhibition, and maintenance of these collections. Our mission for this study is to report on our findings of the existence and whereabouts of dermatologic wax models since the 1990 survey. Even with the advent of the Internet and interest generated for preserving these wonderful illustrations of dermatologic conditions, many collections have remained unknown or dismantled. In the end, wax models have survived the introduction of hand-colored artist's renditions, color photography, and even computerized illustrations. Although no longer the premier teaching tool of yesteryear, their survival reflects upon the development of dermatology and the initial transition from hand-colored prints to our current digital-oriented age.Dermatology in French-speaking African countries is facing many challenges. Dermatology societies, if they exist, are relatively young and have limited financial resources to provide regular training opportunities for their members and those in training. In several sub-Saharan nations, the small number of dermatologists is truly alarming with the prevalence of such major skin diseases as cutaneous leishmaniasis, AIDS, mycetoma, leprosy, and the consequences of skin bleaching procedures, reaching catastrophic figures.National experience demonstrates that most physicians will undergo a job change within the first few years of practice. Due to shifting payment models, personal preferences, and financial burden, among other factors, job transitions between private practice and academic medicine are expected. With the rising shortage of dermatologists and an increase in demand for dermatologic services, this particular topic is salient due to the impact on patient care, graduate medical education, and advances in research and medicine. The balance between these elements is fundamental for the future of dermatologic education and care. We address the challenges faced by dermatologists in both the academic and private practice settings, while offering insight into the motivations and barriers in the transition between the two.Many physicians tend to regard their upcoming retirement with great trepidation. They are worried that after years of productive activity they will become useless and lose all their connections with medicine. This essay will try to impress on readers that this way of thinking is absolutely incorrect, and it will provide some personal insights regarding the retirement process. These will address why I retired (due to governmental interference), how I felt before I retired (pretty lousy), and how I felt after closing my practice (really liberated). I've also included some thoughts on how to minimize aggravation when shuttering a practice, as well as suggestions on how to remain active in medicine. Some reflections on staying fulfilled during postretirement are presented, ranging from making an effort to teach colleagues and young physicians (the most important project), lots of omnivorous reading (the second most important pastime), continuing medical writing, trying to travel, taking up cooking (truly marvelous!), and generally attempting to fully enjoy the leisure time afforded upon leaving practice. The bottom line is that retirement is not to be dreaded or feared but rather anticipated and enjoyed. For me, it has turned out to be simply delightful and wonderful.As dermatologists, we are unique in our ability to diagnose and treat diseases that present in the skin. This includes special expertise in the core disciplines of medical dermatology, pediatric dermatology, dermatologic surgery, and dermatopathology. Just as individual dermatologists strive to remain on the forefront of advances in our field, dermatology residency programs have an obligation to ensure that residents demonstrate competence in all facets of our field, and in the United States the American Board of Dermatology is moving toward a modular examination format to help assure the public that their dermatologist is truly an expert in all aspects of diagnosis and treatment of skin disease. This contribution focuses on key advances in our field, how our societies help us to remain on the cutting edge of science, and how dermatology training has kept pace.Physicians, and in particular dermatologists, have undergone rigorous and multifaceted selection processes and training. This makes them a most valuable resource for the countries in which they live, regardless of licensing and actual practice of their profession or specialty. If for this alone, they should be appropriately employed by their new country of residence in a fashion satisfactory for the individuals and their community in which they now reside, providing an enlightened way that would make use of their abilities and potential. The medical community could assist by accessing their abilities and directing them to areas of endeavor, where they might contribute to their new country. This may not necessarily be in the actual practice of medicine.There are currently nearly 1 billion migrants, of whom 259 million are international migrants, according to the World Health Organization. link2 In the Americas, Venezuela has the highest migratory flow in the region in recent history. By September 2019, more than 4,300,000 people of all social classes had left the country. They included more than 24,000 doctors, who were fleeing the serious political, economic, and social crises affecting that nation. link3 Others in the exodus are a large number of university faculty. The author's personal experience as a migrant doctor is presented, and job alternatives beyond medical practice/clinical medicine are described. The exodus of highly qualified personnel is not a new phenomenon but one that negatively affects the region or country of origin, whereas the receiving place benefits from the professionals who manage to join the workforce in their field of training. This, of course, is dependent on their complying with requirements to obtain legal residency and respective licensures, in addition to finding existing alternatives according to their expertise.
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