Notes

Transcriptomic report associated with human being erythroleukemia tissue as a result of Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide and its construction evaluation.
We describe a polar Moon base habitat using direct solar energy for construction, food production and atmospheric revitalization. With a growing area as large as 2000 m2, it could provide for 40 or more people. The habitat is built like the ancient Roman Pantheon, a stone structure with a top circular oculus, bringing in focused sunlight that is spread out to crops below. The conical, corbelled structure is built from cast regolith blocks, held in compression despite the large internal atmospheric pressure by a regolith overlayer 20-30 m thick. It is sealed on the inside against leaks with thin plastic. A solar mirror concentrator used initially to cast the building blocks is later used to illuminate the habitat through a small pressure window at the oculus. Three years of robotic preparation of the building blocks does not seem excessive for a habitat which can be expected to last for millennia, as has the Treasury of Atreus made by similar dry-stone construction. One goal of returning to the Moon is to demonstrate the practicality of long-term human habitation off the Earth. The off-axis, paraboloidal reflecting mirror is rotated about the vertical polar axis in order to direct horizontal sunlight downward to a focus. In this way, the heavy materials needed from Earth to build and power the habitat are largely limited to the solar concentrator and regolith moving and moulding equipment. By illuminating with a reflector rather than with electricity, the solar collection area is 20 times smaller than would be needed for PV cells. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Astronomy from the Moon the next decades'.There is strong interest in lunar exploration from governmental space agencies, private companies and the public. NASA is about to send humans to the lunar surface again within the next few years, and ESA has proposed the concept of the Moon Village, with the goal of a sustainable human presence and activity on the lunar surface. Although construction of the infrastructure for this permanent human settlement is envisaged for the end of this decade by many, there is no definite mission plan yet. While this may be unsatisfactory for the impatient, this fact actually carries great potential this is the optimal time to develop a forward-looking science input and influence mission planning. Based on data from recent missions (SMART-1, Kaguya, Chang'E, Chandrayaan-1 and LRO) as well as simulation campaigns (e.g. ILEWG EuroMoonMars), we provide initial input on how astronomy could be incorporated into a future Moon Village, and how the presence of humans (and robots) on the Moon could help deploy and maintain astronomical hardware. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Astronomy from the Moon the next decades'.Dose-finding trials aim to determine a safe dose to be tested in larger trials for efficacy. In oncology, designs generally assume conventional monotonic increasing dose-toxicity relationships, mostly with binary outcomes (e.g., dose-limiting toxicity or not), measured in the first cycle of therapy or for a fixed number of cycles. However, with new anti-cancer agents such as molecularly targeted therapies and immunotherapies, late-onset toxicities have become more frequent. Designs with prolonged observation windows and censored endpoints analyzed using survival models, appear particularly suited to these settings. Moreover, in this setting, the observation of the late-onset toxicity endpoint could be precluded by trial discontinuation due to death, progression, patient withdrawal, or physician discretion, defining a competing event to toxicity. We propose extensions of the Continual Reassessment Method (CRM) dose-finding design using survival working models for right-censored endpoints and for handling treatment discontinuation in the toxicity observation window, namely the Survival-CRM (Surv-CRM) and the informative survival-CRM (iSurv-CRM). We also developed a benchmark approach for its evaluation. In a simulation study, we compared the performance of the Surv-CRM and iSurv-CRM, to those of the Time-to-event (TITE)-CRM and the nonparametric benchmark. The performance of the proposed methods was consistent with the complexity of scenarios as assessed by the nonparametric benchmark. Without treatment discontinuations, the Surv-CRM provides proportions of correct dose selection close to those of the TITE-CRM with fewer observed toxicities and patients assigned to overtoxic dose levels. In the presence of treatment discontinuation, the iSurv-CRM outperforms the TITE-CRM in identifying the correct dose level.Communication interventions to enhance linkage to HIV care have been successful in sub-Saharan Africa but have not been assessed among refugees. Refugees and Ugandan nationals participating in HIV testing in Nakivale Refugee Settlement were offered weekly phone call and short message service (SMS) reminders. We assessed linkage to care and predictors of linkage within 90 days of testing, comparing Intervention participants to those unwilling or ineligible to participate (Non-Intervention). Of 208 individuals diagnosed with HIV, 101 (49%) participated in the intervention. No difference existed between Intervention and Non-intervention groups in linkage to care (73 [72%] vs. 76 [71%], p = 0.88). Excluding those who linked prior to receipt of intervention, the intervention improved linkage (69 [68%] vs. 50 [47%], p = 0.002). Selleckchem AZD1152-HQPA Participants were more likely to link if they were older (aOR 2.39 [1.31, 4.37], p = 0.005) or Ugandan nationals (aOR 3.76 [1.12, 12.66], p = 0.033). Although the communication intervention did not significantly improve linkage to HIV care, the linkage was improved when excluding those with same-day linkage. Excluding participants without a phone was a significant limitation; these data are meant to inform more rigorous designs moving forward. Innovative methods to improve linkage to HIV care for this vulnerable population are urgently needed.The polyepitope strategy is promising approach for successfully creating a broadly protective flu vaccine, which targets T-lymphocytes (both CD4+ and CD8+) to recognise the most conserved epitopes of viral proteins. In this study, we employed a computer-aided approach to develop several artificial antigens potentially capable of evoking immune responses to different virus subtypes. These antigens included conservative T-cell epitopes of different influenza A virus proteins. To design epitope-based antigens we used experimentally verified information regarding influenza virus T-cell epitopes from the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) (http//www.iedb.org). We constructed two "human" and two "murine" variants of polyepitope antigens. Amino acid sequences of target polyepitope antigens were designed using our original TEpredict/PolyCTLDesigner software. Immunogenic and protective features of DNA constructs encoding "murine" target T-cell immunogens were studied in BALB/c mice. We showed that mice groups immunised with a combination of computer-generated "murine" DNA immunogens had a 37.
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