Notes

Bioorthogonal chemistry.
Multiple activating single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) could be detected in the RAS/RAF family. The tumour mutational burden status was globally low across all samples with a median of 3 Muts/MB (range 0-52). Only 4 cases (ie, 4.7% of tumours) had direct actionable mutations for a treatment approved in Europe within the patient's tumour type.

The Arcagen project aims to bridge the gap and improve knowledge of the molecular landscape of rare cancers by prospectively recruiting up to 1000 patients.
The Arcagen project aims to bridge the gap and improve knowledge of the molecular landscape of rare cancers by prospectively recruiting up to 1000 patients.About 75% of colorectal cancers are diagnosed as early stage, in which radical surgery is achievable. In the last decade, in Italy, the overall incidence of colorectal cancer has remained stable, while mortality gradually decreased, which is attributable to early diagnosis and improved medical, surgical and locoregional treatments. The Italian Medical Oncology Association formulated guidelines to manage early-stage colon cancer, including screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up, which we herein present.
It remains controversial whether tumour mutational burden (TMB) or neoantigens are prognostic markers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to define the function of TMB or neoantigens in antitumour immunotherapy.

Neoantigens of patients (n=56) were analysed by pVAC tools with major histocompatibility complex-1 (MHC-I) algorithms based on whole exome sequencing and neoantigens with mutant type IC
<50 nM were defined as high-affinity neoantigens (HANs). Patients were segregated into HAN-high/low groups by median of HAN value, and overall survival (OS) was analysed. Autologous organoid killing model was developed to clarify the antitumour activity of HANs.

The value of HAN showed a better correlation with OS (
=0.0199) than TMB (
=0.7505) or neoantigens (
=0.2297) in patients with HCC and positively correlated with the frequency of CD39
CD8
tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). see more Furthermore, HAN-specific CD8
T cells were identified in CD39
CD8
TILs, which showed better antitd more from anti-PD-1 therapy than HAN-low group. These findings may provide a novel strategy for personalised antitumour therapies for HCC.
It was recently reported that highly elevated plasma activity of the ADP-scavenging enzyme creatine kinase (CK), to >10 times the upper reference limit (URL), is independently associated with fatal or non-fatal bleeding during treatment for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (OR 2.6 (95% CI, 1.8 to 2.7)/log CK increase). Evidence indicates that CK attenuates ADP-dependent platelet aggregation. This study investigates whether moderately elevated CK in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) is associated with major bleeding.

The Thrombolysis In Myocardial Ischemia (TIMI) 3B trial compared recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) (35-80 mg) with placebo and early catheterisation with conservative management in patients with NSTE-ACS. Main outcomes of the current study are the independent association of peak plasma CK (CKmax) with adjudicated fatal or non-fatal major bleeding (primary) and with combined major bleeding, stroke and hospital death (secondary), with co models for major bleeding in patients with NSTE-ACS.

NCT00000472.
NCT00000472.
Smoking reduction can lead to increased success in quitting. This study aims to determine if a client-focused motivational support package for smoking reduction (and quitting) and increasing (or otherwise using) physical activity (PA) can help smokers who do not wish to quit immediately to reduce the amount they smoke, and ultimately quit. This paper reports the study design and methods.

A pragmatic, multicentred, parallel, two group, randomised controlled superiority clinical trial, with embedded process evaluation and economics evaluation. Participants who wished to reduce smoking with no immediate plans to quit were randomised 11 to receive either (1) tailored individual health trainer face-to-face and/or telephone support to reduce smoking and increase PA as an aid to smoking reduction (intervention) or (2) brief written/electronic advice to reduce or quit smoking (control). Participants in both arms of the trial were also signposted to usual local support for smoking reduction and quitting. The primary outcome measure is 6-month carbon monoxide-confirmed floating prolonged abstinence following participant self-reported quitting on a mailed questionnaire at 3 and 9 months post-baseline. Participants confirmed as abstinent at 9 months will be followed up at 15 months.

Approved by SW Bristol National Health Service Research Committee (17/SW/0223). Dissemination will include publication of findings for the stated outcomes, parallel process evaluation and economic evaluation in peer-reviewed journals. Results will be disseminated to trial participants and healthcare providers.

ISRCTN47776579; Pre-results.
ISRCTN47776579; Pre-results.
Previous studies found that low education or income level was associated with insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption (IFVC) among the general population. However, cancer survivors can be heterogeneous from the general population in many aspects. Our objective was to disentangle their association among cancer survivors.

Nationwide cross-sectional survey in the USA.

2017 Behaviour Risk Factor Surveillance System.

5409 cancer survivors.

Educational level (graduated from college/technical school, attended college/technical school and high school or less) and annual household income (≥US$75 000, US$35 000 to <US$75 000 and <US$35 000) were exposures of interest. IFVC, which was defined as <5 servings/day according to the American Cancer Society recommendation, was treated as the outcome.

Multivariable logistic regression corrected for sampling weight was performed to estimate the association. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed by age, gender, obesity and physical activity.

Overall, 4750 survivors (weighted percentage 88.5%) had IFVC. Participants with lower education had a significantly higher rate of IFVC (high school or less vs college graduates adjusted OR=2.17, 95% CI 1.45 to 3.25, p trend <0.01). The association between income and IFVC was almost null. Associations did not differ in most subgroups; however, the association of lower education appeared to be more substantial among physically inactive survivors (p interaction <0.01).

Low educational background, not low income, was associated with IFVC among cancer survivors. Prospective cohort studies are needed to verify the conclusion.
Low educational background, not low income, was associated with IFVC among cancer survivors. Prospective cohort studies are needed to verify the conclusion.
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