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Calculations of Spectral Optical Constants Utilizing Blended Ellipsometric and Reflectance Options for Clean and Rough Mass Biological materials.
The types of vascular complications and their accompanying clinical manifestations are closely related to the choice of diagnosis and treatment strategies and clinical outcomes.Therefore,the Perioperative Management Group of Chinese Society of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association formulated the Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Perioperative Vascular Complications of Liver Transplantation,aiming to standardize and optimize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of common perioperative vascular complications in liver transplant recipients.Many reasons can cause damage to a certain part of body, with the damaged tissue showing some corresponding characteristics. There are many uncertainties in the repair of damaged body parts, making it difficult to achieve the ideal function and appearance. In recent years, the repair of mangled injury has made significant progress, but it still faces many challenges. Based on the clinical practice and the current progress in the assessment and repair of mangled injury, this paper summarizes the causes, clinical features, injury assessment, treatment options, repair measures, and the risks of limb salvage, and then puts forward some personal opinions on the definition of mangled injury and treatment strategy optimization for reference.Objective To explore the application strategy and clinical effects of paraumbilical perforator flap with inferior epigastric vessels in repairing various destructive wounds. Methods The retrospective observational study method was applied. From January 2015 to December 2020, 28 patients (21 males and 7 females, aged 25 to 66 years) with destructive wounds in various body parts were admitted to Beijing Jishuitan Hospital. The wound areas of patients ranged from 17 cm×8 cm to 35 cm×22 cm after debridement. Pedicled or free paraumbilical perforator flaps with inferior epigastric vessels were used to repair the wounds respectively. The areas of flaps were from 18 cm×10 cm to 37 cm×24 cm, and the lengths of vascular pedicles were 13.0-17.0 (15.1±2.3) cm. For type Ⅲ high-voltage electric burn wounds of wrist, two methods were used to reconstruct the blood flow of hand, one is to bridge the radial artery with saphenous vein grafting and the other one is to design blood flow-through flap. The strength of abdominal wafor cut. It can be pedicled or freely transplanted, which is a good choice for repairing destructive wounds in various areas.Objective To explore the clinical effects of using skin and soft tissue expander (hereinafter referred to as expander) expanded flap in repair of the exposed wounds of titanium mesh after cranioplasty with titanium mesh. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted. From April 2015 to October 2019, 13 patients with exposed wounds of titanium mesh after cranioplasty with titanium mesh were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, including 10 males and 3 females, aged 18 to 70 years. The time of exposure of titanium mesh wounds appeared was 3 months to 4 years after cranioplasty with titanium mesh. The exposed wound area of titanium mesh ranged from 1.5 cm×0.6 cm to 6.3 cm×6.0 cm. In the first stage, one or two square expanders with rated capacity of 50-200 mL were placed under the normal scalp 1 cm away from the edge of the exposed wound surface of the titanium mesh. The water injection time was 2 to 3 months with the total water injection volume being 1.6 to 2.0 times titanium mesh was retained in patients of this group, the incisions were healed well, with concealed scar and good appearance of scalp. Conclusions Using expanded flap in repair of the exposed wounds of titanium mesh after cranioplasty with titanium mesh can effectively repair the exposed wound and retain the titanium mesh, as well as acquire good function and shape.Objective To explore the repair methods and clinical effects of full-thickness burn wounds deep to tendon or even bone in fingers. Methods A retrospective non-randomized controlled trial was conducted on the 98 patients with full-thickness finger burns deep to tendon or even bone who met the inclusion criteria and were hospitalized in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2010 to December 2019. Among the 98 patients, there were 81 males and 17 females, aged from 1 to 72 years, with 160 fingers involved. The wound area of each of affected fingers ranged from 2.0 cm×1.5 cm to 12.0 cm×3.5 cm, and the maximum wound area after merging the affected fingers was 12.0 cm×10.0 cm. For adult hands with multiple full-thickness burn wounds deep to tendon or even bone in multiple fingers or children with full-thickness finger burns deep to tendon or even bone, pedicled abdominal flaps were selected. For adults with single or two fingers with full-thickness burns deep to tendon or even bone, the pedicledburn deep to tendon or even bone, with high postoperative tissue flap survival rate and few complications. The functional recovery of the affected finger is better after repair with free tissue flap and pedicled internal hand flap, and the patients' satisfaction is the highest after free tissue flap repair.Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of inhalation injury in burn patients in China. Methods The systematic review method was performed. Chinese Journal Full-text Database, Wanfang Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched with the Chinese search terms of ", , ", and PubMed and Embase were searched with the search terms of "burns, inhalation injury" to retrieve the collected retrospective studies on the epidemiological characteristics of inhalation injury in burn patients in China from the establishment of each database to January 2019. Data were extracted from the included articles, including the first author, study institution, study period, study subjects, number of burn patients, incidence of inhalation injury, and gender, age, causes of injury, mortality, and causes of death in patients with inhalation injury. Results A total of 24 articles were included in this study with the first authors being from multiple research institutions across the country. The articleased significantly compared with the previous period. The causes of death in patients with inhalation injury included upper respiratory tract obstruction, sepsis, respiratory failure, and severe pulmonary infection. Conclusions From 1958 to 2016, there is no obvious trend in the incidence of inhalation injury among burn patients in China; the incidence of inhalation injury is high in young and middle-aged males, and the main cause of inhalation injury is flame burn. The mortality of inhalation injury generally decreased since 2000 compared with the previous period.Cervical cancer is a common malignant tumor that seriously threatens the health of Chinese women. The situation of prevention and control is still serious. In the past decade, the Chinese government has made great efforts to cervical cancer prevention and control and achieved remarkably in HPV vaccine development, sound health screening system, and treatment capacity of early cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. GSK2656157 concentration However, due to the large population base, unequal allocation of health resources, and uneven service quality across regions, there is still a significant gap to achieve the WHO's goal of eliminating cervical cancer by 2030. In order to fulfill the Global Strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer, China urgently needs to learn from the international experience, combined with the real situation of cervical cancer prevention and control and the latest research progress in China and to put forward appropriate action recommendations and implementation approaches, which will contribute to promote the cervical cancer elimination process and to build a paradigm for "Healthy China" cancer prevention.Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of thermal ablation in the treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in Chinese women. Methods The high-risk HPV-positive women aged 20-65 who were detected through a cervical cancer screening project implemented in three rural sites (Etuoke counties in Inner Mongolia, Xiangyuan and Yangcheng counties in Shanxi Province) and one urban site (Shenzhen) in China were included in this prospective study. Follow up evaluation was performed on HPV positive women who underwent thermal ablation (n=166) as well as received no treatment (n=2 716) in cervical cancer screening program. For women with thermal ablation treatment, HPV test and cytology were used for follow-up with the interval of 6 months or longer after treatment. For women without treatment, HPV test was used for annual follow-up. Women with positive results in either of the HPV tests or abnormal cytology were referred for a colposcopy or biopsy if necessary. The H the HPV infection as well as to treat CIN. Particularly for the HPV genotypes with the paramount attributable proportion to cervical cancer and precancerous in China, the HPV clearance rate was significantly higher than that reported in the women without treatment.Objective To systematically summarize and evaluate the current cervical cancer screening guidelines worldwide. Methods "Cervical cancer/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia", "screening", and "guidelines/recommendations" were searched as keywords in PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data for cervical cancer screening guidelines. The language was limited to Chinese and English. A total of 29 guidelines were included before September 1, 2020. The basic information and recommendations of the guidelines issued were summarized. Results Among the 29 cervical cancer screening guidelines, most guidelines targeted on the population aged 25-65 years. Cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing are two commonly used methods for the cervical cancer screening, and HPV testing is increasingly recommended as the primary screening methods. Most guidelines recommended five years interval for the HPV testing-based screening or co-testing (HPV testing and cytology) based screening and three years for the cytology-based. For managing population with abnormal cervical cancer screening, triage or screening repeatedly to identify high-risk populations were more recommended. Direct colposcopy or treatment were allowed for women with higher risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) during the screening procedure. Several guidelines involving HPV vaccination population recommended them the same strategy as the general population without vaccination. Conclusion Currently, most of the cervical cancer screening guidelines applied to the population with the average risk of the CINs and were issued by the developed countries. Primary methods for the cervical cancer screening have gradually changed from the cytology to the HPV testing. There is a lack of recommendations targeting special population on cervical cancer screening in the current guidelines.Objective To systematically summarize the development of global human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination guidelines. Methods The retrieval for all the Chinese and English literature published before August 2020 was conducted in PubMed, Embase and China Biomedical Literature Database, with "papillomavirus vaccines" "wart virus vaccine" "guideline" "practice guideline" "health planning guidelines" "guidelines as topic" "practice guidelines as topic" "immunization programs" in English as well as "papillomavirus vaccines" "HPV vaccine" "guideline" "recommendation" "consensus" in Chinese as search keywords. A total of 18 guidelines were included for data extraction and analysis. Results The 18 pieces of guidelines included 1 pieces of World Health Organization (WHO) position paper, 6 pieces of guidelines at national or provincial level and other 11 pieces of by academic institutions. In national or provincial guidelines, the recommendation for routine vaccination mainly focused on 11-13 year-old adolescents and the recommendation for catch-up vaccination extends to 17-26 years old.
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