Notes

Present attempts upon sustainable green development in your making field to complement "make within India" in making "self-reliant India".
Acetone levels correlate with BHB levels in endogenous ketoacidosis, so acetone can be used as an initial screening marker to identify cases where BHB analysis should be performed, but positive acetone threshold should be maximum 20mg/L. Positive BHB is proof of endogenous ketoacidosis, whereas negative BHB indicates isopropanol intoxication or postmortem acetone/isopropanol formation by microorganisms in cases of decomposition. There is no correlation between BHB and the postmortem interval, and no sign of postmortem formation, so BHB analysis is useful even in cases of severe decomposition.In this work, we have examined an electrochemical behavior of the ephedrine at the polarized liquid-liquid interface (water/1,2-dichloroethane). In this respect, we first designed and then 3D printed polyamide-based electrochemical cell that was used as the liquid-liquid interface support during electroanalytical measurements. The protonated ephedrine undergoes a reversible ion transfer reaction with the standard Galvani potential difference equal to +0.269 V. This value was used to calculate the water - 1,2-dichloroethane logP equal to -4.6. Ion transfer voltammetry was used to build the calibration curve and allowed for the ephedrine detection from concentration equal to 20 μM. By varying the pH of the aqueous phase from 2 up to 12 we were able to plot the ion partition diagram that was further analyzed and provided several pharmacochemical information. To further push this work towards practical utility, we have formulated the artificial urine and studied the interfacial behavior of all its components at the polarized liquid-liquid interface. Ephedrine detection from real spiked urine samples was also performed.Degradation kinetics, by-products identification and pathways of a model naphthenic acid, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (CHA), by the UV/Chlorine process were investigated in this study. Mathematical modeling indicated that the initial CHA decay rate increased rapidly with the chlorine dose when the chlorine dose was lower than 45 mg/L and decreased with further chlorine dose increases. Increasing the chlorine dose from 400 to 800 mg/L resulted in a steady increase in the total removal of CHA after 60 min of UV photolysis. By dividing the 700 mg/L chlorine dose into five separated doses (140 mg/L each) added at 10 min intervals, the total CHA removal increased from 72% to 91%. Degrasyn manufacturer This implies that the ideal condition of the UV/Chlorine process in degrading CHA is to add chlorine continuously at a constant rate to compensate any chlorine consumption to reduce the radical scavenging effect. It was found that the CHA decay was mainly attributed to the hydroxyl radical (OH) attack and the reactive chlorine species (RCS) contribution was relatively small. Various by-products, including the mono-chlorinated and di-chlorinated by-products, were identified and the reaction pathway for CHA degradation during UV/Chlorine treatment was proposed.The rational comprehension on the catalytic mechanism and pathways of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) oxidation is meaningful for the design of high performance catalytic materials. Herein, we attempted to elucidate the catalytic mechanism and pathways of 1, 2-dichloropropane (1, 2-DCP) oxidation over LaMnO3 perovskite from experimental and theoretical studies. Experimental results indicate that the initial dechlorination of 1, 2-DCP into allyl chloride (AC) can be readily achieved over LaMnO3, while the further decomposition of AC is more vulnerable to be affected by the reaction conditions and strongly dependent on the surface active oxygen species. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveals that the heterogeneous conversion of 1, 2-DCP initiates with the chemisorption on the Mn site, followed by the formation of AC via a synergistic mechanism. AC decomposition is considered as the rate-determining step under an inert condition, while the dechlorination of adsorbed 1, 2-DCP dominates the whole reaction under an oxygen atmosphere.Groundwater, one of the significant potable water resources of the geological epoch is certainly contaminated with class I human carcinogenic metalloid of pnictogen family which delimiting its usability for human consumption. Hence, this study concerns with the elimination of arsenate (As(V)) from groundwater using bilayer-oleic coated iron-oxide nanoparticles (bilayer-OA@FeO NPs). The functionalized (with high-affinity carboxyl groups) adsorbent was characterized using the state-of-the-art techniques in order to understand the structural arrangement. The major emphasis was to examine the effects of pH (5.0-13), contact times (0-120 min), initial concentrations (10-150 μg L-1), adsorbent dosages (0.1-3 g L-1), and co-existing anions in order to understand the optimal experimental conditions for the effective removal process. The adsorbent had better adsorption efficiency (∼ 32.8 μg g-1, after 2 h) for As(V) at neutral pH. Adsorption process mainly followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm models (R2∼0.90) and was facilitated by coulombic, charge-dipole and surface complexation interactions. The regeneration (upto five cycles with 0.1 M NaOH) and competition studies (with binary and cocktail mixture of co-anions) supported the potential field application of the proposed adsorbent.In this study, we report a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active array film, which is based on regenerated cellulose hydrogels and gold nanorods (AuNRs), by combining a silicon rubber mask with a vacuum filtration method. This strategy enables the direct AuNR array formation on hydrogel surface with a precisely controlled number density. Moreover, the control of interparticle nanogap has been realized by the spatial deformation of hydrogels. A decrease in gaps between AuNRs deposited on hydrogels can result in SERS enhancement because 3D porous hydrogel structures turned into 2D closely packed hydrogel films during drying. In our experiments, SERS sensor arrays show excellent SERS activity to detect rhodamine 6 G and thiram down to 10 pM and 100 fM with competitive enhancement factors of 3.9 × 108 and 9.5 × 109, respectively. Importantly, the resultant SERS-active arrays with nine sensor units can efficiently detect nine different analytes on a single substrates at a time. Moreover, we demonstrate that physical bending has little effect on the SERS activity of flexible AuNR array hydrogel films, which indicates the high reproducibility of SERS measurement. This SERS array film has great potential to simultaneously detect multiple hazards for the practical application of SERS analysis.Transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is upregulated in multiple tumors and plays essential roles in tumor proliferation and metastasis. However, the function of YY1 in breast cancer stemness remains unclear. Herein, we found that YY1 expression was negatively correlated with the overall survival and relapse-free survival of breast cancer patients and positively correlated with the expression of stemness markers in breast cancer. Overexpression of YY1 increased the expression of stemness markers, elevated CD44+CD24- cell sub-population, and enhanced the capacity of cell spheroid formation and tumor-initiation. In contrast, YY1 knockdown exhibited the opposite effects. Mechanistically, YY1 decreased microRNA-873-5p (miR-873-5p) level by recruiting histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) and HDAC9 to miR-873-5p promoter and thus increasing the deacetylation level of miR-873-5p promoter. Sequentially, YY1 activated the downstream PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 pathways, which have been confirmed to be suppressed by miR-873-5p in our recent work. Moreover, the suppressed effect of YY1/miR-873-5p axis on the stemness of breast cancer cells was partially dependent on PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 pathways. Finally, it was found that the YY1/miR-873-5p axis is involved in the chemoresistance of breast cancer cells. Our study defines a novel YY1/miR-873-5p axis responsible for the stemness of breast cancer cells.CRISPR-Cas9 and base editors (BEs) systems are poised to become the gene-editing tool of choice in clinical contexts; however, large-fragment deletion was found in Cas9-mediated mutation cells and mice. In this study, by analyzing 16 gene-edited rabbit lines (including 112 rabbits) generated using SpCas9, BEs, xCas9, and xCas9-BEs with long-range PCR genotyping and long-read sequencing by the PacBio platform, we show the extension of thousands of base fragment deletions in single-guide RNA/Cas9 and xCas9 system mutation rabbits, but no deletions were found in BE-induced mutation rabbits. Thus, we first validated that no large-fragment deletion was induced by the BEs system, suggesting that BE systems can be beneficial tools for the further development of highly accurate and secure gene therapy for the clinical treatment of human genetic disorders.Intermediate filaments (IFs) play key roles in cell mechanics, signaling and homeostasis. Their assembly and dynamics are finely regulated by posttranslational modifications. The type III IFs, vimentin, desmin, peripherin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), are targets for diverse modifications by oxidants and electrophiles, for which their conserved cysteine residue emerges as a hot spot. Pathophysiological examples of these modifications include lipoxidation in cell senescence and rheumatoid arthritis, disulfide formation in cataracts and nitrosation in endothelial shear stress, although some oxidative modifications can also be detected under basal conditions. We previously proposed that cysteine residues of vimentin and GFAP act as sensors for oxidative and electrophilic stress, and as hinges influencing filament assembly. Accumulating evidence indicates that the structurally diverse cysteine modifications, either per se or in combination with other posttranslational modifications, elicit specific functional outcomes inducing distinct assemblies or network rearrangements, including filament stabilization, bundling or fragmentation. Cysteine-deficient mutants are protected from these alterations but show compromised cellular performance in network assembly and expansion, organelle positioning and aggresome formation, revealing the importance of this residue. Therefore, the high susceptibility to modification of the conserved cysteine of type III IFs and its cornerstone position in filament architecture sustains their role in redox sensing and integration of cellular responses. This has deep pathophysiological implications and supports the potential of this residue as a drug target.
The optimal therapeutic strategy for relapsing intracranial germ cell tumours (IGCTs) has not been clearly established.

Relapses of IGCTs, occurring from 01/01/1990 to 31/12/2014, were retrieved from the Societe Française d'Oncologie Pediatrique-TGM 90, 92and GCT 96 protocols, and from the National Childhood Solid Tumour Registry. Refractory IGCTs were excluded.

Forty-four relapsing IGCTs were identified 14 were initially treated for histologically proven germinomas (germinoma group), 5 for non-histologically proven germinomas (putative germinoma group)and 25 for non-germinomatous germ cell tumours (NGGCTs) (NGGCT group). In the germinoma group, the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 79% (95% confidence interval [CI] 47-93) and 86% (95% CI 54-96), respectively. Only one of the 11 patients treated with reirradiation experienced a further relapse. A trend of better EFS was observed for relapses at sites that were not initially involved 5-year EFS of 100% versus 67% (95% CI 28-88), p=0.
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