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An assessment the particular Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors inside B-Cell Types of cancer.
Perioperative factors related to clinical recurrence were evaluated. RESULTS Fifty-two CD patients (SSIS n = 12; mSSIS n= 40) were included. No mortality occurred. Mean CCI was 10.3 (range 0-33.7). Median follow-up was 5.9 years (range 0.8-9.9). Clinical recurrence (19 patients) was 29.7% and 39.6% after 3 and 5 years, respectively. Surgical recurrence (7 patients) was 2% and 14.1% after 3 and 5 years, respectively. At the end of the follow-up, 92% of patients kept the original strictureplasty and deep remission was observed in 25.7% of the mSSIS patients. None of the perioperative variables considered showed a significant association with clinical recurrence. CONCLUSION SSIS is safe, effective and provides durable disease control in patients with extensive CD ileitis. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email [email protected] Self-reported experiences of discrimination have been linked to indices of cardiovascular disease. However, most studies have focused on healthy populations. Thus, we examined the association between experiences of everyday discrimination and arterial stiffness among patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI). PURPOSE We hypothesized that higher reports of discrimination would be associated with greater arterial stiffness and that associations would be more pronounced among Black women, in particular, relative to other race-gender groups, using an "intersectionality" perspective. METHODS Data were from 313 participants (49.2% female, mean age 50.8 years) who were 6 months post-MI in the Myocardial Infarction and Mental Stress 2 study. Data were collected via self-reported questionnaires, medical chart review, and a clinic visit during which arterial stiffness was measured noninvasively using pulse wave velocity. RESULTS Reports of discrimination were highest in Black men and women and arterial stiffness was greatest in Black and White women. After adjustment for demographics and relevant clinical variables, discrimination was not associated with arterial stiffness in the overall study sample. However, discrimination was associated with increased arterial stiffness among Black women but not White women, White men, or Black men. CONCLUSIONS Despite no apparent association between discrimination and arterial stiffness in the overall study sample, further stratification revealed an association among Black women but not other race-gender groups. These data not only support the utility of an intersectionality lens but also suggest the importance of implementing psychosocial interventions and coping strategies focused on discrimination into the care of clinically ill Black women. © Society of Behavioral Medicine 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] Placebo analgesia studies generally reported that the actual use of a placebo analgesic reduces pain. Yeung VW, Geers A, Kam SM. Merely possessing a placebo analgesic reduced pain intensity Preliminary findings from a randomized design. Curr Psychol. 2019;38(1)194-203 found that the mere possession (without use) of a placebo analgesic also reduces pain. PURPOSE We investigated the relative effectiveness of using versus possessing a placebo analgesic on pain outcomes. METHODS In Study 1a, 120 healthy adults were randomized to either the experimental (EXP) conditions (EXP1 used a placebo analgesic cream, EXP2 possessed a placebo analgesic cream) or control (CO) conditions (CO1 possessed a sham cream, CO2 no cream). All participants underwent a cold pressor test (CPT). Study 1b further delineated the effect of possession from the effect of use. Sixty healthy adults were randomized to either the placebo-possession condition (merely possessed a placebo analgesic cream) or the placebo-possession-use condition (possessed and used a placebo analgesic cream). SC-43 concentration All participants did a CPT. RESULTS In Study 1a, as expected, a placebo effect was found-participants who used a placebo analgesic cream showed better pain outcomes than the two CO groups. Surprisingly, participants who merely possessed a placebo analgesic cream performed equally well as those who actually used it. In Study 1b, participants in the two conditions did not differ in most pain outcomes. Participants who possessed and used a placebo analgesic cream only showed slightly more reduction in pain intensity compared to participants who merely possessed the placebo analgesic cream. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that merely possessing a placebo analgesic could enhance pain outcomes similar to that of applying the placebo analgesic. © Society of Behavioral Medicine 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] numbers of macrophages are increased in the lungs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. COPD lung macrophages have reduced ability to phagocytose microbes and efferocytose apoptotic cells. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are widely used anti-inflammatory drugs in COPD; however, their role beyond suppression of cytokine release has not been explored in COPD macrophages. We have examined the effects of corticosteroids on COPD lung macrophage phenotype and function. Lung macrophages from controls and COPD patients were treated with corticosteroids; effects on gene and protein expression of CD163, CD164, CD206, MERTK, CD64, CD80 and CD86 were studied. We also examined the effect of corticosteroids on the function of CD163, MERTK and cluster of differentiation 64 (CD64). Corticosteroid increased CD163, CD164, CD206 and MERTK expression and reduced CD64, CD80 and CD86 expression. We also observed an increase in the uptake of the haemoglobin-haptoglobin complex (CD163) from 59 up to 81% and an increase in efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils (MERTK) from 15 up to 28% following corticosteroid treatment. We observed no effect on bacterial phagocytosis. Corticosteroids alter the phenotype and function of COPD lung macrophages. Our findings suggest mechanisms by which corticosteroids exert therapeutic benefit in COPD, reducing iron available for bacterial growth and enhancing efferocytosis. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.
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