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"We must bring them out of the shadows:In . A new qualitative review associated with back-up physician leaders' viewpoints upon health care providers.
They apply expert clinical and social skills, through consistent and robust communication, to meet the needs of those with multiple chronic conditions. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Results provide insight into the new role, illuminating the work they achieve, despite system complexities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The study aim was to develop and evaluate a nurse-led sexual health service and health promotion intervention for men in prison. BACKGROUND Men in prison are particularly marginalised members of our society, negatively impacting on their ability to making healthy choices. In relation to sexual health, prison provides an opportunity for curative and preventive care, for an otherwise often hard to reach priority population. DESIGN Practice development, audit and evaluation. METHODS Employing a practice development and participatory methodology, we empowered prison nursing staff to provide robust asymptomatic testing for sexually transmitted infections, including the management of chlamydia, with appropriate treatment and partner notification. PKM2 inhibitor research buy Collaboratively with young men and nursing staff, a short animation video to promote the service was developed. A case note audit of 172 patients seen in the service during the 6 month period 1st July 2018 - 31 December 2018 was undertaken. The Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE) checklist was followed. RESULTS National outcomes measures were exceeded for some clinical outcomes. During the 6 month period, there were 12 positive chlamydia (7% positivity rate) and 3 gonorrhoea positive results. In addition, 2 new cases of syphilis were detected and a further 2 cases of known HIV were highlighted. There were 7 cases of Hepatitis C (3 previously diagnosed) and 3 cases of Hepatitis B. A short animation Dick Loves Doot was developed. CONCLUSION Successful partnerships between sexual health and prison healthcare services, in partnership with service users, can achieve well-co-ordinated services and health promotion interventions. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This nurse led model of care increased detection and early treatment of asymptomatic STIs among men in prison, impacting positively the men, their partner (s) and the public health of the society to which they return. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Leaving infant to cry it out has been the subject of discussion among researchers and parents. Nevertheless, there is paucity of empirical research investigating the association between leaving infant to cry it out and consequent crying duration and frequency, mother-infant attachment and behavioural development. METHODS The sample with complete longitudinal data comprised 178 infants and their caretakers. Parental use of 'leaving infant to cry out' and cry duration were assessed with maternal report at term, 3, 6 and 18 months, and frequency of crying was assessed at term, 3 and 18 months of age. Attachment was measured at 18 months using the strange situation procedure. Behavioural development of the infant was assessed with two observational measures and a parent-report questionnaire at 18 months. RESULTS The use of 'leaving infant to crying' was rare at term and increased over the next 18 months. 'Leaving infants to cry it out' at term was associated with a decrease in crying frequency at 3 months. Furthermore, leaving infants to cry it out a few times at term and often at 3 months was associated with shorter fuss/cry duration at 18 months of age. No adverse impacts of leaving infants to cry it out in the first 6 months on infant-mother attachment and behavioural development at 18 months were found. CONCLUSIONS Contemporary practice of some parents in the United Kingdom to occasionally or often 'leaving infant to cry it out' during the first 6 months was not associated with adverse behavioural development and attachment at 18 months. Increased use of 'leaving to cry it out' with age may indicate differential responding by parents related to infant self-regulation. © 2020 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.An enantiomerically pure (R)-2-methylpyrrolidine-based anilino squaraine crystallizes in two chiral polymorphs adopting a monoclinic C2 and an orthorhombic P21 21 21 structure, respectively. By various thin-film preparation techniques, a control of the polymorph formation is targeted. The local texture of the resulting textured thin films is connected to the corresponding optical properties. Special attention is paid to an unusual Davydov splitting, the anisotropic chiroptical response arising from preferred out-of-plane orientation of the crystallites, and the impact of the polymorph specific excitonic coupling. © 2020 The Authors. Chirality published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The aim of current study was to assess the antioxidant and renoprotective effects of Stachys pilifera Benth (S.P.B.) hydroalcoholic extract on nephrotoxicity induced with cisplatin (CP). Adult rats with bodyweight of 180-220 g were divided into five groups (n = 7) treated as follows group 1, control; group 2, CP; group 3, pretreatment with S.P.B. before CP; group 4, posttreatment with S.P.B. after CP; and, group 5, S.P.B. extract. A single dose of CP (7 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected on the fifth day and hydroalcoholic extract of S.P.B. (500 mg kg-1 day-1 ) was orally administered. The levels of oxidative stress markers, biochemical tests, and histopathological staining were assayed in serum and renal tissue. Also, the chemical composition of S.P.B. extract was determined by GC-MS analysis. The main compositions of S.P.B. extract identified by GC-MS analysis, were hexadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraen-1-ol, 3,7,11,16-tetramethyl (24.77%), thymol (14.1%), and linolenic acid (13.4%). In groups treated and pretreatalool, and terpinen-4-ol. Moreover, phytochemical studies have shown the presence of compounds such as diterpenes, phenylethanoid glycosides, saponins, terpenoides, and flavonoids in Stachys species. The aerial parts of S.P.B. are consumed as herbal tea to treat several disorders, for example, infections, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis in Iranian folk medicine. The aim of current study was to evaluate the antioxidant and protective effects of S.P.B. hydroalcoholic extract on nephrotoxicity induced with cisplatin (CP). The current study showed that S.P.B. hydroalcoholic extract improved the biochemical parameters and kidney function as well as restored antioxidant activity in CP-induced nephrotoxicity. However, it needs more researches to define the mechanism of S.P.B. action. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This study evaluated the effects of spermine supplementation on the digestion, transport, and metabolism of nutrients in the jejuna of piglets. Of the 80 piglets examined, 40 received 0.4 mmol/kg body weight spermine, and the other half were randomly distributed such that the restricted nutrient intake supplemented with the saline solution for 7 hr and 3, 6, or 9 days in pairs. Spermine supplementation increased the lipase and trypsin activities (p less then .05), and spermine increased the mRNA levels of maltase, sucrase, and aminopeptidase N (APN) but decreased the lactase gene expression (p less then .05). Moreover, spermine increased the mRNA expression levels of amino acid transporters (p less then .05). Spermine increased the jejunum glycerolphosphocholine, lipid, and taurine levels and decreased the choline and amino acids levels (p less then .05). In summary, spermine can promote the digestion, transport, and metabolism of nutrients in piglets. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Meat, fish, dairy products, and fruits contain polyamines (i.e., spermine, spermidine, and putrescine). Spermine plays an important role in the cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation, and spermine supplementation can improve the growth of broilers, growth performance of early weaning piglets, and intestinal maturation. The results of this study suggest that spermine can improve the digestion, transport, and metabolism of nutrients in piglets. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.In this study, we investigated the lipid metabolism regulatory activity of a novel metformin derivative (MD568) and its potential mechanism of action in obese rats with type 2 diabetes (T2 DM). Previous gene chip analysis of 3T3-L1 cells have shown that MD568 regulates the transcription of genes involved in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism. In this study, obese T2 DM rats were treated with MD568 (200 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Results showed that MD568 significantly reduced the body weight gain, plasma glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. MD568 treatment also improved the insulin resistance of obese T2 DM model rats. In particular, in white adipose tissue, MD568 inhibited the excessive volume increment of adipose cells by down-regulating the protein levels of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBP-α) and PPAR-γ, as well as the transcription of their target lipid metabolism-related genes. In the liver, MD568 inhibited hepatic fatty lesions and interfered with hepatic gluconeogenesis by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes and glycogen-related kinases. In conclusion, our results suggested that the newly synthesized MD568 affected the maintenance of lipid homeostasis in obese type 2 diabetic rats. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play vital roles in the interaction of fungi with plants and other organisms. A systematic research on the global fungal VOC profiles is still lacking, though it is a prerequisite for elucidating the mechanisms of VOCs-mediated interactions. Here we present a versatile system enabling a high-throughput screening of fungal VOCs under controlled temperature. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we characterized the volatile metabolic fingerprints of four Trichoderma spp. over 48h growth period. The developed platform allows automated and fast detection of VOCs from up to 14 simultaneously growing fungal cultures in real-time. The comprehensive analysis of fungal odors is achieved by employing proton transfer reaction - time of flight - mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data mining strategy based on multivariate data analysis and machine learning allows uncovering the volatile metabolic fingerprints. Our data revealed dynamic, development-dependent and extremely species-specific VOC profiles from the biocontrol genus Trichoderma. The two mass spectrometric approaches were highly complementary to each other, together revealing a novel, dynamic view to the fungal VOC release. This analytical system could be used for VOC-based chemotyping of diverse small organisms, or more generally, for any in vivo and in vitro real-time head-space analysis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Soil fungi represent a major component of belowground biodiversity that determine the succession and recovery of forests after disturbance. However, their successional trajectories and driving mechanisms following wildfire remain unclear. We examined fungal biomass, richness, composition and enzymes across three soil horizons (Oe, A1 and A2) along a near-complete fire chronosequence (1yr, 2yr, 8yr, 14yr, 30yr, 49yr and ~260yr) in cold-temperate forests of the Greater Khingan Mountains, China. The importance of soil properties, spatial distance and tree composition were also tested. Ectomycorrhizal fungal richness and β-glucosidase activity were strongly reduced by burning and significantly increased with time-since-fire in the Oe horizon but not in the mineral horizons. Time-since-fire and soil C/N ratio were the primary drivers of fungal composition in the Oe and A1/A2 horizons, respectively. Ectomycorrhizal fungal composition was remarkably sensitive to fire history in the Oe horizon, while saprotroph community was strongly affected by time-since-fire in the deeper soil horizon and this effect emerged eighteen years after fire in the A2 horizon.
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