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Image Just click Result of Acylsilanes with Indoles.
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are known risk factors for negative health and behavioral outcomes, including caregiving. Foster parents are key to supporting foster children, yet there is limited research on their ACE history and how it might relate to their foster children's behavior. OBJECTIVE This study addressed three research questions (1) What are ACE totals in this sample of foster parents and how do they compare with the original CDC-Kaiser study? (2) Does foster parents' ACE exposure relate to foster child behavior? (3) Is the relation between foster parents' ACEs and children's challenging behaviors different based on the specific ACE? PARTICIPANTS & SETTING Participants were 89 foster parents (age M = 43.3 years) and 50 of their foster children (age M = 10 years) in central Texas. Children have been in their current placements for an average of 11 months (range 1 month to 4.7 years). METHODS Foster parents completed demographics, the ACE Questionnaire (Felitti et al., 1998) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 1997). RESULTS Results showed over 40 % of foster parents in this sample reported 2+ ACEs and 20 % reported 4+ ACEs. Foster parents' total ACEs related to foster children's emotional problems (β = .27, p = .02), conduct problems (β = .28, p = .01), and hyperactivity-inattention (β = .25, p = .03). Certain ACEs related more strongly to child outcomes than others. CONCLUSIONS Foster parents may have a higher ACE exposure than the general population. Foster parents' ACEs were associated with foster children's challenging behaviors. Future research should investigate the mechanism of this connection. OBJECTIVES The extent of surgical treatment for vulvar lesions is predominantly guided by the histopathologic diagnosis rendered on the pre-operative biopsy. For premalignant lesions, local excisions are performed, whereas for vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC), more radical procedures are mandatory. However, even in the absence of a conclusive diagnosis of VSCC on biopsy, the surgeon may opt for a radical excision on grounds of strong clinical suspicion, with a view to avoiding repeat surgeries. We studied a retrospective, 10-year cohort of patients who underwent vulvar excisions, in the absence of a conclusive biopsy diagnosis of VSCC. We aimed to identify the factors predictive of VSCC in these patients, and assess their treatment. STUDY DESIGN All patients who underwent vulvar excision (2005-2016) at Erasmus MC, without a definitive diagnosis of VSCC on the preoperative biopsy were included. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors predictive of a final diagnosis of VSCC. Surgot required; 25 % received incomplete treatment and needed additional surgeries, and 3% received over-treatment. CONCLUSION Suspicion of VSCC on biopsy is strongly predictive of a final diagnosis of carcinoma. In our cohort, radical treatment performed on patients with clinical and histopathological suspicion of VSCC resulted in minimal over-treatment, and helped avoid second surgeries. To achieve high efficiency of electroporation and to minimize unwanted side effects, the electric field parameters must be optimized. Recently, it was suggested that biphasic high-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) pulses reduce muscle contractions. However, it was also shown for sub-microsecond biphasic pulses that the opposite polarity phase of the pulse cancels the effect of the first phase if the interphase delay is short enough. We investigated the effect of interphase and interpulse delay (ranging from 0.5 to 10,000 µs) of 1 µs biphasic H-FIRE pulses on cell membrane permeabilization, on survival of four mammalian cell lines and determined metal release from aluminum, platinum and stainless steel electrodes. click here Biphasic H-FIRE pulses were compared to 8 × 100 µs monophasic pulses. We show that a longer interphase and interpulse delay results in lower cell survival, while the effects on cell membrane permeabilization are ambiguous. The cancellation effect was observed only for the survival of one cell line. Application of biphasic H-FIRE pulses results in lower metal release from electrodes but the interphase and interpulse delay does not have a large effect. The electrode material, however, importantly influences metal release - the lowest release was measured from platinum and the highest from aluminum electrodes. Plasma membrane vesicles can be effective, non-toxic carriers for microscale material transport, provide a convenient model for probing membrane-related processes, since intracellular biochemical processes are eliminated. We describe here a fine-tuned protocol for isolating ghost plasma membrane vesicles from the unicellular alga Dunaliella tertiolecta, and preliminary characterization of their structural features and permeability properties, with comparisons to giant unilamellar phospholipid vesicles. The complexity of the algal ghost membrane vesicles reconstructed from the native membrane material released after hypoosmotic stress lies between that of phospholipid vesicles and cells. AFM structural characterization of reconstructed vesicles shows a thick envelope and a nearly empty vesicle interior. The surface of the envelope contains a heterogeneous distribution of densely packed, nanometer-scale globules and pore-like structures which may be derived from surface coat proteins. Confocal fluorescence imaging reveals the highly pigmented photosynthetic apparatus located within the thylakoid membrane and retained in the vesicle membrane. Transport of the fluorescent dye calcein into ghost and giant unilamellar vesicles reveals significant differences in permeability. Expanded knowledge of this unique membrane system will contribute to the design of marine bio-inspired carriers for advanced biotechnological applications. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were among various persistent organic pollutants suspected to have been released during the collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) on 9/11. Evidence on the association between prenatal PFAS exposure and child neurodevelopment is limited and inconsistent. This study evaluated the association between prenatal PFAS exposure and child cognitive outcomes measured at 5 different time points in a population prenatally exposed to the WTC disaster. The study population included 302 pregnant women in the Columbia University WTC birth cohort enrolled between December 13, 2001 and June 26, 2002 at three hospitals located near the WTC site Beth Israel, St. Vincent's, and New York University Downtown. We evaluated the association between prenatal exposure to four PFAS (perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)) and child neurodevelopment measured using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-II) at approximately 1, 2 and 3 years of age and using The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) at approximately 4 and 6 years of age.
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