Notes

Growth and development of the Dutch Construction regarding Incorporated Children's Palliative Care.
Our finding that the flow profiles lie on a universal master curve opens the possibility to predict the quasistatic shear flow of granular materials in varying gravitational environments.Scattering thresholds and their associated spectral square root branch points are ubiquitous in photonics. In this Letter, we show that the scattering matrix has a simple universal behavior near scattering thresholds. We use unitarity, reciprocity, and time-reversal symmetry to construct a two-parameter model for a two-port scattering matrix near a threshold. We demonstrate this universal behavior in three different optical systems, namely, a photonic crystal slab, a planar dielectric interface, and a junction between metallic waveguides of different widths.Response properties that are purely intrinsic to physical systems are of paramount importance in physics research, as they probe fundamental properties of band structures and allow quantitative calculation and comparison with experiment. For anomalous Hall transport in magnets, an intrinsic effect can appear at the second order to the applied electric field. We show that this intrinsic second-order anomalous Hall effect is associated with an intrinsic band geometric property-the dipole moment of Berry-connection polarizability (BCP) in momentum space. The effect has scaling relation and symmetry constraints that are distinct from the previously studied extrinsic contributions. Particularly, in antiferromagnets with PT symmetry, the intrinsic effect dominates. Combined with first-principles calculations, we demonstrate the first quantitative evaluation of the effect in the antiferromagnet Mn_2Au. We show that the BCP dipole and the resulting intrinsic second-order conductivity are pronounced around band near degeneracies. Importantly, the intrinsic response exhibits sensitive dependence on the Néel vector orientation with a 2π periodicity, which offers a new route for electric detection of the magnetic order in PT-invariant antiferromagnets.Understanding the formation and dynamics of charge and spin-ordered states in low-dimensional transition metal oxide materials is crucial to understanding unconventional high-temperature superconductivity. La_2-xSr_xNiO_4+δ (LSNO) has attracted much attention due to its interesting spin dynamics. Recent x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy studies have revealed slow dynamics of the spin order (SO) stripes in LSNO. Here, we applied resonant soft x-ray ptychography to map the spatial distribution of the SO stripe domain inhomogeneity in real space. The reconstructed images show the SO domains are spatially anisotropic, in agreement with previous diffraction studies. For the SO stripe domains, it is found that the correlation lengths along different directions are strongly coupled in space. Surprisingly, fluctuations were observed in the real space amplitude signal, rather than the phase or position. We attribute the observed slow dynamics of the stripe domains in LSNO to thermal fluctuations of the SO domain boundaries.The p_T-differential cross sections of prompt charm-strange baryons Ξ_c^0 and Ξ_c^+ were measured at midrapidity (|y| less then 0.5) in proton-proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=13  TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The Ξ_c^0 baryon was reconstructed via both the semileptonic decay (Ξ^-e^+ν_e) and the hadronic decay (Ξ^-π^+) channels. The Ξ_c^+ baryon was reconstructed via the hadronic decay (Ξ^-π^+π^+) channel. The branching-fraction ratio BR(Ξ_c^0→Ξ^-e^+ν_e)/BR(Ξ_c^0→Ξ^-π^+)=1.38±0.14(stat)±0.22(syst) was measured with a total uncertainty reduced by a factor of about 3 with respect to the current world average reported by the Particle Data Group. The transverse momentum (p_T) dependence of the Ξ_c^0- and Ξ_c^+-baryon production relative to the D^0 meson and to the Σ_c^0,+,++- and Λ_c^+-baryon production are reported. The baryon-to-meson ratio increases toward low p_T up to a value of approximately 0.3. The measurements are compared with various models that take different hadronization mechanisms into consideration. The results provide stringent constraints to these theoretical calculations and additional evidence that different processes are involved in charm hadronization in electron-positron (e^+e^-) and hadronic collisions.Time-periodic (Floquet) drive is a powerful method to engineer quantum phases of matter, including fundamentally nonequilibrium states that are impossible in static Hamiltonian systems. One characteristic example is the anomalous Floquet insulator, which exhibits topologically quantized chiral edge states similar to a Chern insulator, yet is amenable to bulk localization. We study the response of this topological system to time-dependent noise, which breaks the topologically protecting Floquet symmetry. Surprisingly, we find that the quantized response, given by partially filling the fermionic system and measuring charge pumped per cycle, remains quantized up to finite noise amplitude. We trace this robust topology to an interplay between diffusion and Pauli blocking of edge state decay, which we expect should be robust against interactions. We determine the boundaries of the topological phase for a system with spatial disorder numerically through level statistics, and corroborate our results in the limit of vanishing disorder through an analytical Floquet superoperator approach. This approach suggests an interpretation of the state of the system as a non-Hermitian Floquet topological phase. We comment on quantization of other topological responses in the absence of Floquet symmetry and potential experimental realizations.High harmonic generation (HHG) with longitudinal optical orbital angular momentum has attracted much attention over the past decade. Here, we present the first study on the HHG with transverse orbital angular momentum driven by the spatiotemporal optical vortex (STOV) pulses. We show that the produced spatial-resolved harmonic spectra reveal unique structures, such as the spatially spectral tilt and the fine interference patterns. We show these spatiospectral structures originate from both the macroscopic and microscopic effect of spatiotemporal optical singularity in HHG. CFTRinh-172 mw Employing two-color counterspin and countervorticity STOV pulses, we further discuss a robust method to control the spatiotemporal topological charge and spectral structure of high-order harmonics. The conservation rule of photon transverse orbital angular momentum in HHG process is also discussed when mixing with photon spin angular momenta.A central question in resource theory is whether one can construct a set of monotones that completely characterize the allowed transitions dictated by a set of free operations. A similar question is whether two distinct sets of free operations generate the same class of transitions. These questions are part of the more general problem of whether it is possible to pass from one characterization of a resource theory to another. In the present Letter, we prove that in the context of quantum resource theories this class of problem is undecidable in general. This is done by proving the undecidability of the membership problem for completely positive trace preserving maps, which subsumes all the other results.A significant problem for current quantum computers is noise. While there are many distinct noise channels, the depolarizing noise model often appropriately describes average noise for large circuits involving many qubits and gates. We present a method to mitigate the depolarizing noise by first estimating its rate with a noise-estimation circuit and then correcting the output of the target circuit using the estimated rate. The method is experimentally validated on a simulation of the Heisenberg model. We find that our approach in combination with readout-error correction, randomized compiling, and zero-noise extrapolation produces close to exact results even for circuits containing hundreds of CNOT gates. We also show analytically that zero-noise extrapolation is improved when it is applied to the output of our method.Van der Waals heterostructures show many intriguing phenomena including ultrafast charge separation following strong excitonic absorption in the visible spectral range. However, despite the enormous potential for future applications in the field of optoelectronics, the underlying microscopic mechanism remains controversial. Here we use time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy combined with microscopic many-particle theory to reveal the relevant microscopic charge transfer channels in epitaxial WS_2/graphene heterostructures. We find that the timescale for efficient ultrafast charge separation in the material is determined by direct tunneling at those points in the Brillouin zone where WS_2 and graphene bands cross, while the lifetime of the charge separated transient state is set by defect-assisted tunneling through localized sulphur vacancies. The subtle interplay of intrinsic and defect-related charge transfer channels revealed in the present work can be exploited for the design of highly efficient light harvesting and detecting devices.The Weyl double copy relates exact solutions in general relativity to exact solutions in gauge theory, formulated in the spinorial language. To date, the Weyl double copy is understood and employed only for vacuum spacetimes, and hence only to vacuum gauge theories. In this Letter, we propose an extension to the Weyl double copy that provides a systematic procedure for treating gravitational sources. We show that this extended Weyl double copy gives a new perspective to the Kerr-Newman black hole and the general class of Petrov type D electrovac spacetimes.The continuous min flow-max cut principle is used to reformulate the "complexity=volume" conjecture using Lorentzian flows-divergenceless norm-bounded timelike vector fields whose minimum flux through a boundary subregion is equal to the volume of the homologous maximal bulk Cauchy slice. The nesting property is used to show the rate of complexity is bounded below by "conditional complexity," describing a multistep optimization with intermediate and final target states. Conceptually, discretized Lorentzian flows are interpreted in terms of threads or gatelines such that complexity is equal to the minimum number of gatelines used to prepare a conformal field theory (CFT) state by an optimal tensor network (TN) discretizing the state. We propose a refined measure of complexity, capturing the role of suboptimal TNs, as an ensemble average. The bulk symplectic potential provides a "canonical" thread configuration characterizing perturbations around arbitrary CFT states. Its consistency requires the bulk to obey linearized Einstein's equations, which are shown to be equivalent to the holographic first law of complexity, thereby advocating a notion of "spacetime complexity."A search for lepton-flavor-violating Z→eτ and Z→μτ decays with pp collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. This analysis uses 139  fb^-1 of Run 2 pp collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV and is combined with the results of a similar ATLAS search in the final state in which the τ lepton decays hadronically, using the same data set as well as Run 1 data. The addition of leptonically decaying τ leptons significantly improves the sensitivity reach for Z→ℓτ decays. The Z→ℓτ branching fractions are constrained in this analysis to B(Z→eτ) less then 7.0×10^-6 and B(Z→μτ) less then 7.2×10^-6 at 95% confidence level. The combination with the previously published analyses sets the strongest constraints to date B(Z→eτ) less then 5.0×10^-6 and B(Z→μτ) less then 6.5×10^-6 at 95% confidence level.
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