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The group means comparisons were done using one-way ANOVA and results were presented as mean ± standard deviation.
Although all selected plant extracts had shown antibacterial activities, methanol extracts had a greater zone of inhibition against all reference bacterial strains when compared to petroleum ether extracts. The growth of
was inhibited at a minimum concentration of both methanol and petroleum extracts (1.5625 mg/mL) when compared to the remaining bacterial strains. Phytochemical screening showed that saponins and alkaloids were found in all crude plant extracts, while phytosterol was meager.
This study revealed that all tested plants had significant secondary metabolites and antibacterial activities against reference bacterial strains.
This study revealed that all tested plants had significant secondary metabolites and antibacterial activities against reference bacterial strains.
(Ait.) Benth. leaves are used to treat different diseases like ectoparasite infestation, diarrhea, sores, anthrax, fevers, pain, and snake venom. The leaves of
were first extracted by methanol and further fractionated with the help of n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate with increasing polarity.
The antibacterial activities of the fractions were evaluated against disease causing bacteria using agar well diffusion. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the fractions were determined by the micro-broth dilution method using tetrazolium salt colorimetric assay. The antioxidant activities of the solvent fractions were determined by phospho-molbedum reduction assay, reducing power assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity.
The average MIC value of
fractions ranged from 1.95mg/mL to 31.25mg/mL, 7.81mg/mL to 31.25mg/mL and 13.02mg/mL to 62.5mg/mL, for ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and n-hexane fractions, respectively. The leaf extracts have a higher antioxidant effect, as shown in the phospho-molbedum reduction assay, reducing power and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay.
The ethyl acetate and dichloromethane fractions revealed significant antibacterial effects against the growth of pathogenic bacteria. However, the n-hexane fraction showed the least antibacterial effect against all of the test bacteria. Furthermore, the n-hexane fractions of
showed higher antioxidant activity.
The ethyl acetate and dichloromethane fractions revealed significant antibacterial effects against the growth of pathogenic bacteria. However, the n-hexane fraction showed the least antibacterial effect against all of the test bacteria. Furthermore, the n-hexane fractions of C. aurea showed higher antioxidant activity.
In low-and middle-income countries, it is challenging to provide basic health-care services even before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the early indirect impact of COVID-19 on the utilization of reproductive, maternal, and newborn health services at government health facilities in South West Ethiopia, and its consequences.
A comparative cross-sectional study was employed. The collected data were entered into Microsoft excel 2010 and then exported to SPSS 25 and R3.5.0 software for analysis. Independent sample
-test and two-sample test of proportion were computed, and the results were presented in text, tables, and graphs. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
This study showed that there was a significant reduction in mean utilization of antenatal care (943.25 visits vs 694.75 visits), health facility birth (808.75 births vs 619 births), family planning (4744.5 visits vs 3991.25 visits), and newborn immunization (739.5 given vs 528.5 givecrease in the proportion of teenage pregnancy who seeks abortion care and the rising cesarean section rate with no improvement in perinatal outcome is a great concern that needs further investigation. Further research is also needed to explore the main reason for an increase in teenage pregnancy, abortion care users, stillbirth, and neonatal death during COVID-19.
Little is known about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) access and health promotion for First Nations peoples in Australia. This study aimed to better understand community preferences, knowledge and access to contraception and SRH services, and use this understanding to make recommendations which support approaches led by local Aboriginal community-controlled health organisations (ACCHOs).
Qualitative First Nations-led yarning circles were conducted with 55 community members and health service providers using and/or working at ACCHOs in urban South East Queensland. Cultural protocols ensured women's and men's interviews were separately collected and analysed. Thematic analysis was conducted by multiple coders, privileging interpretations by First Nations researchers.
Family, kin and friends were described as key knowledge holders and ACCHOs as knowledge spaces for sharing information about maintaining positive SRH and wellbeing for First Nations people. Interviewees wanted accurate and timely informage spaces for SRH information; and evidence-based recommendations may increase their reach. Health services should consider upskilling community SRH knowledge holders to share consistent, accurate and accessible SRH information.
COVID-19 pandemic has a great impact on the disruption of maternal health-care services. Family planning is one component of maternal health-care service that needs attention during this devastating time. Compromise on family planning services and the preventive strategies of COVID-19 might increase the burden of unintended pregnancy, but there is limited evidence that shows the magnitude of unintended pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic. find more Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess unintended pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated factors among women attending antenatal care in northwest Ethiopia.
This study was an institutional-based cross-sectional study, including 424 women attending antenatal care from November 12/2020 to December 12/2020. The study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. A pretested questionnaire was used. Binary logistic regression (bivariable and multivariable) was employed. The adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistically significant variables based on p<0.
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