Notes

Chronic apical periodontitis increase the severity of coronary artery disease in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice as well as brings about adjustments to the diversity involving stomach microbiota.
ntal carboxylated membranes could be associated with their ability to promote bone regeneration.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, consisting of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Gut microbiota and their metabolites may play a role in the pathogen of IBD, especially of the UC. Qingchang Huashi Formula (QHF), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has shown therapeutic effect on treating UC based on the clinical practice without clear pharmacological mechanism.

The aim of this study was to clearly define the effect of QHF and its components, Baitouweng (PBR) and Baizhi (ADR) on treating UC.

Pharmacodynamic effects of QHF and single herb were evaluated in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced acute or chronic colitis mice. Body weight loss, disease activity index (DAI) and colon length were estimated. Histological changes were observed by H&E staining. The number and abundance of gut microbiota were measured with 16S rRNA sequencing. LC-MS and GC-MS were used to detect the concentration of metabolites (eThe finding of the present study suggested that QHF is curative in DSS-induced colitis by restoring gut microbiota-metabolism homeostasis and goblet cells function. An optimized QHF was constituted by ADR and PBR, which showed comparable efficacy on colitis to that of QHF. INDY inhibitor in vitro Our work probed out the active constitutes as well as the relevant pharmacological mechanisms of QHF, shedding light on potential new drug combination for the treatment of IBD.
The finding of the present study suggested that QHF is curative in DSS-induced colitis by restoring gut microbiota-metabolism homeostasis and goblet cells function. An optimized QHF was constituted by ADR and PBR, which showed comparable efficacy on colitis to that of QHF. Our work probed out the active constitutes as well as the relevant pharmacological mechanisms of QHF, shedding light on potential new drug combination for the treatment of IBD.
Taraxacum officinale (L.), commonly called dandelion has been used for centuries as a natural medicine to treat inflammatory diseases including some metabolic alterations associated with obesity.

Based on animal experiments this study aims to explore the potential mechanisms of action of T. officinale flower water syrup (TOFS) together with a normal-fat diet in the intervention of obesity.

Obese male albino-Wistar rats (n=8) at 25 weeks of age were fed with a normal-fat diet with or without added 27.82% TOFS (w/w) for 4 weeks. The reactivity of thoracic aorta and antioxidant capacity were studied.

TOFS delivered daily 926.8μg of L-chicoric acid, 20.19μg of luteolin and 3.379 ‬g of sucrose. TOFS showed beneficial effects by regulating blood lipids (HDL, x1.11-fold increase), thereby lowering the risk factors for atherosclerosis (TC/HDL, x0.90-fold). The antioxidant status was improved via an increase in plasma superoxide radical scavenging (SOD, x1.6-fold) and a decrease in lipid peroxidation (MDA, x0.ses beneficial properties by regulating prostanoids and antioxidant status.The interactions between Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and the causative agents of bovine mastitis are still relatively unknown. Still, it is suspected that they may contribute to the worsening and persistence of mastitis within the mammary epithelial cells. Considering the growing economic implications of paratuberculosis and subclinical mastitis in dairy herds, this study aimed to determine the coinfection interaction between MAP and S. aureus or S. agalactiae in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) in an ex-vivo model. For this purpose, internalisation tests of MAP + S. aureus or MAP + S. agalactiae were performed in MAC-T cells for 10, 30 and 120 min. The qPCR was performed to quantify internalised MAP at the time of exposure. Colony-forming units were counted on BHI agar medium for internalised subclinical mastitis bacteria at each time of infection. Viability tests of MAC-T cells, using the lactate dehydrogenase assay, were performed. The results showed that in the MAC-T cells previously infected by MAP and subsequently by S. aureus, there was a rapid internalisation in the first 10 min, maintaining a higher number of internalised bacteria during all exposure times. Regarding MAP + S. agalactiae, there were no changes in the internalisation patterns. The amount of MAP remained constant at all times evaluated, and there was no compromise in the viability of MAC-T cells during the tests. Thus, the results demonstrate the existence of an interaction between MAP + S. aureus, favouring internalisation and being able to contribute to the persistence of subclinical mastitis in dairy herds.Vibrio splendidus-related strains are important opportunistic marine pathogens, and they can infect many important marine animals, including the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. In this study, one gene coding flagellin was cloned and a V. splendidus-related strain AJ01/GFPFliC with the overexpression of fliC gene was constructed to explore the function of FliC. AJ01/GFPFliC showed a 3-4 h delay in the initial growth phase and then its growth was faster than that of the wild type strain AJ01. The abilities of swarming motility and biofilm formation ability of AJ01/GFPFliC were also higher than that of AJ01. The adhesion rate of AJ01/GFPFliC to the slide and the coelomocytes of A. japonicus increased from 1% to 5%, and 25% to 40%, respectively, and the adhered AJ01/GFPFliC cells in intestinal tissue of A. japonicus reached 8.0 × 106 CFU/g, which was 2.5-fold higher than that of the control strain AJ01/GFP. Concluded from all the data suggested that FliC was an adhesion factor of V. splendidus-related strain AJ01 that could also contribute to bacterial swarming motility and biofilm formation.Pseudomonas aeruginosa harbors pvcABCD operon that is responsible for the synthesis of paerucumarin. Here we report the involvement of pvcABCD operon in chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin resistance. P. aeruginosa mutant defective in pvcB (PW4832) was more sensitive to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin in comparison with its parent strain (MPAO1). A mutation in pvcA gene in MPAO1 (PW4830) did not alter the sensitivity to either antibiotic. As chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin are substrates of MexEF-OprN efflux pump, so we decided to investigate the modulation of MexEF-OprN and its transcriptional regulator MexT in PW4832, PW4830 and MPAO1 strains. We isolated and sequenced mexT gene from MPAO1, PW4830 and PW4832. The nucleotide sequence of mexT gene in all three strains was identical. Expression levels of mexEF-oprN, mexT and mexS genes were checked via quantitative real-time RT-PCR. All these genes showed significant repression in mRNA levels in PW4832 as compared to MPAO1. These results indicate that chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin sensitivity in PW4832 is due to transcriptional repression of mexT and mexEF-oprN genes.
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