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Utilizing existing info units to create fresh observations into Alzheimer's disease chemistry throughout specific individual subsets.
y copyright. SB239063 in vivo All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption during pregnancy may damage the developing central nervous system of the fetus and lead to brain structural and functional deficits in the children, known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. The underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Previously using a third trimester-equivalent mouse model, ethanol-induced behavioral deficits (including spatial learning and memory dysfunction) in the mice were detected on postnatal day (PD) 35. The hippocampal formation is critically involved in spatial learning/memory and contains two major neuron populations the pyramidal cells in the hippocampus proper and the dentate gyrus granule cells (DGGCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG). In rodents, while the pyramidal cells are almost exclusively generated prenatally, the dentate gyrus granule neurons are majorly generated during the first two weeks postnatally, which coincides with the period of ethanol exposure in our mouse model. Therefore, in the current study the effects of ethanol exposure on the development of the dentate gyrus granule cells were examined. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were treated with 4 g/kg of ethanol by intubation on PD 4-10 to mimic alcohol exposure to the fetus during the third trimester in humans, and the development of dentate gyrus granule cells was examined by immunohistochemistry and quantified on PD 35. RESULTS Ethanol exposure does not affect the number of total or newly generated DGGCs, but reduces the number of mature DGGCs on PD 35 in both male and female mice. The ratio of immature DGGCs over total DGGCs was increased, and the ratio of mature DGGCs over total DGGCs was decreased by ethanol exposure. In addition, no sex-dependent effects of ethanol treatment were detected. CONCLUSION Our data indicates that ethanol exposure in mice during PD 4-10 does not affect the generation/proliferation but inhibits the differentiation of the DGGCs on PD 35. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.GABAA receptors are composed of five subunits arranged around a central chloride channel. Their subunits originate from different genes or gene families. The majority of GABAA receptors in the mammalian brain consist of two α-, two β- and one γ- or δ-subunit. This subunit organization crucially determines the physiological and pharmacological properties of the GABAA receptors. Using immunohistochemistry, we investigated the distribution of 10 GABAA receptor subunits (α1, α2, α3, α4, α5, β1, β2, β3, γ2, and δ) in the fore brain of three female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Within the cerebral cortex, subunits α1, α5, β2, β3, and γ2 were found in all layers, α2, α3, and β1 were more concentrated in the inner and outer layers. The caudate/putamen was rich in α1, α2, α5, all three β-subunits, γ2, and δ. Subunits α3 and α5 were more concentrated in the caudate than in the putamen. In contrast, α1, α2, β1, β2, γ2, and δ were highest in the pallidum. Most dorsal thalamic nuclei contained subunits α1, α2, α4, β2, The Authors. The Journal of Comparative Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.INTRODUCTION Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms might influence predisposition to hemorrhagic cerebral vascular diseases, but the results of already published studies regarding relationship between eNOS polymorphisms and hemorrhagic cerebral vascular diseases were still controversial. METHODS The authors performed this meta-analysis to estimate relationship between eNOS polymorphisms and hemorrhagic cerebral vascular diseases in a larger pooled population by combing the results of already published related studies. The authors searched Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI for already published studies. RESULTS Eighteen already published studies were pooled analyzed in this meta-analysis. The pooled meta-analyses results showed that eNOS rs2070744 polymorphism was significantly associated with predisposition to hemorrhagic cerebral vascular diseases in East Asians (dominant comparison OR = 0.77, p = .01; overdominant comparison OR = 1.24, p = .04; allele comparison OR = 0.78, p = .006) Nevertheless, the pooled meta-analyses did not reveal any positive results for eNOS rs1799983 and rs869109213 polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggested that eNOS rs2070744 polymorphism, but not rs1799983 and rs869109213 polymorphisms, might influence predisposition to hemorrhagic cerebral vascular diseases in East Asians. © 2020 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.AIMS The PREPARE-MVR study (PRediction of Early PostoperAtive Right vEntricular failure in Mitral Valve repair (MVR) and to explore the associations between/Repair patients) sought to investigate the alterations of right ventricular (RV) contraction pattern in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement/repair (MVR) and to explore the associations between pre-operative RV mechanics and early post-operative RV dysfunction (RVD). METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively enrolled 42 patients (63 ± 11 years, 69% men) undergoing open-heart MVR. Transthoracic three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography was performed pre-operatively, at intensive care unit discharge, and 6 months after surgery. The 3D model of the RV was reconstructed, and RV ejection fraction (RVEF) was calculated. We decomposed the motion of the ventricle to compute longitudinal ejection fraction (LEF) and radial ejection fraction (REF). Pulmonary artery catheterization was performed to monitor RV stroke work index (RVSWi). RVEF was slightly decreased af Society of Cardiology.BACKGROUND The oral microenvironment provides the conditions for the establishment of microorganisms not usually considered residents of the normal oral microbiota. Sexually transmitted microorganisms such as Chlamydia trachomatis can adhere to any mucosal surface and ascend to reach appropriate locations to survive and develop symptomatic infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine the presence of C. trachomatis, direct immunofluorescence of this microorganism was carried out in 76 randomly selected patients attending a periodontal clinic during a period of 1 year. Samples from the gingival sulcus and the pharynx were collected for detection of C. trachomatis. Patients who attended the periodontal clinic were divided into two groups those without periodontitis and those with periodontitis. For the purpose of performing other statistical analyses, all patients were also divided by gender and age. RESULTS From the total of 76 patients, in the group without periodontitis, 61% were positive for C. trachomatis in the gingival sulcus and 63.
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