Notes

Ketogenic diet together with medium-chain triglycerides reestablishes skeletal muscle purpose along with pathology inside a rat style of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Tuberculous pleurisy is inflammation caused by direct infection of
(MTB) and/or delayed allergic reaction of the pleura to MTB thallus components. The diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy is mainly confirmed by bacterial culture, smear staining or histopathology, but has some clinical limitations. Next-generation sequencing (NGS), as a new diagnostic technology, has good application prospects in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy.

A patient admitted with right pleural effusion and pneumonia was actively treated with anti-infection, anti-inflammatory and symptomatic support while various etiological tests of right pleural effusion were improved. However, all the etiological tests for MTB infection were negative. At this time, the patient's condition worsened and pleural effusion also appeared on the left side. In order to clarify the cause of the disease as soon as possible and prevent the disease from worsening again, the left and right pleural effusions of the patient were sent for NGS testing. The test results suggested MTB infection, which finally clarified the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy, and the next treatment plan of the patient was timely adjusted.

NGS is instructive in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy when various conventional tests and imaging methods fail.
NGS is instructive in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy when various conventional tests and imaging methods fail.
The incidences of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli (CRGNB) and vancomycin-resistant
(VRE) have increased rapidly in South Korea since 2000. The mortality rate for CRGNB or VRE bacteremia cases is higher than that for non-resistant bacteremia cases. The factors associated with higher mortality are unclear. We investigated the factors associated with mortality from CRGNB or VRE bacteremia and compared the relative risk of these factors.

We retrospectively collected data from adult patients with CRGNB or VRE bacteremia. Cefodizime Patients were grouped according to whether they survived or died. The data from both groups were compared.

During the study period, 171 cases of CRGNB or VRE bacteremia were identified, of which 100 were CRGNB bacteremia cases and 71 were VRE bacteremia cases. Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations with Pitt bacteremia score (PBS) (odds ratio [OR] 1.329, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.049-1.684). In the multivariate analysis, negative conversion of follow-up blood culture (FUBC) was related with one-week mortality from CRGNB or VRE bacteremia (OR 17.623, 95% CI 5.726-54.244). In the multivariate analysis of risk factors for 28-day mortality for CRGNB or VRE bacteremia, the significant risk factors were bacteremia of respiratory origin (OR 4.491, 95% CI 1.622-12.435) and positive FUBC (OR 4.082, 95% CI 1.626-10.204).

Despite the high mortality rate in patients with CRGNB or VRE bacteremia, the related mortality could be predicted by independent risk factors of PBS, positive FUBC, and bacteremia of respiratory origin.
Despite the high mortality rate in patients with CRGNB or VRE bacteremia, the related mortality could be predicted by independent risk factors of PBS, positive FUBC, and bacteremia of respiratory origin.
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a potentially lethal opportunistic infection. Old age is one of the important risk factors of IPA. However, data regarding the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of elderly patients with IPA are limited, with data regarding co-infection of other bacteria or fungi even scarcer.

We performed a retrospective study of elderly patients (aged≥60) with IPA diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2000 to December 2019. Data collection included demographic characteristics, premorbid conditions, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, therapeutic procedures, and pathogenic detection. Associated factors were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.

A total of 97 elderly patients (75 males, 22 females) with IPA were included. The all-cause mortality rate was 36.1% (35/97). Body mass index (BMI) (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.50,
=0.01), solid organ malignancy (adjusted OR 5.l disease in the elderly population. Co-infection is closely associated with mortality. Lymphopenia could be an indicator for co-infection in the elderly patients with IPA.
Respiratory viruses are important etiologies of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, the impact of different RVs on the outcomes of CAP is not well elucidated. This study aims to compare the clinical features and severity of influenza (Flu-p) and non-influenza respiratory viruses-related pneumonia (NIRVs-p) onset in the community among immunocompetent adults.

The data of the patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed RVs-p were retrospectively reviewed from five teaching hospitals in China from January 2013 to May 2019. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes between Flu-p and NIRVs-p.

A total of 1079 patients with Flu-p and 341 patients with NIRVs-p were included in this study. A multivariate logistic regression model revealed chronic pulmonary disease [odd ratio (OR) 0.341, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.225-0.515,
< 0.001], solid malignant tumor (OR 0.330, 95% CI 0.163-0.668,
= 0.002), myalgia (OR 1.697, 95% CI 1.236-2.330,
< 0.001), lymphocytes <0.8×10
/L (OR 10.811, 95% CI 6.949-16.818,
< 0.001) and blood albumin <35 g/L (OR 0.327, 95% CI 0.242-0.442,
< 0.001) were predictors for Flu-p. After adjusting for confounders, the multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that influenza B-related pneumonia (FluB-p) (OR 0.419, 95% CI 0.272-0.646,
< 0.001) and NIRVs-p (OR 0.260, 95% CI 0.158-0.467,
< 0.001) were associated with a decreased risk of 30-day mortality compared with the influenza A-related pneumonia (FluA-p).

Our results showed that patients with FluA-p experience a more severe disease than those with FluB-p and NIRVs-p. Some clinical features are helpful to distinguish between NIRVs-p and Flu-p.
Our results showed that patients with FluA-p experience a more severe disease than those with FluB-p and NIRVs-p. Some clinical features are helpful to distinguish between NIRVs-p and Flu-p.
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