Notes

Rural C-H Pyridylation involving Hydroxamates by means of One on one Photoexcitation associated with O-Aryl Oxime Pyridinium Intermediates*.
There was a statistically significant difference for visual improvement favoring patients aged more than 80 (p = 0.03). For the age groups of less versus more than 70, there was a statistically significant difference for overall complication rate favoring younger groups (p less then  0.05). CONCLUSION Present data shows GTR rates favoring younger patients. Recurrence rates remain similar over the mean follow-up period. Moreover, visual improvement favors patients aged more than 80. Overall complication rates favor patients younger than 70, which might be also related to additional comorbidities, frequently present in seniors. Transsphenoidal surgery is safe and effective even for older patients.BACKGROUND The judicialization of medicine can lead to professional disenchantment and defensive attitudes among surgeons. Some quantitative studies have investigated this topic in spine surgery, but none has provided direct thematic feedback from physicians. This qualitative study aimed to identify the impact of this phenomenon in the practice of spine neurosurgeons. METHODS We proposed a qualitative study using grounded theory approach. Twenty-three purposively selected private neurosurgeons participated. Inclusion took place until data saturation was reached. Data were collected through individual interviews and analyzed thematically and independently by three researchers (an anthropologist, a psychiatrist, and a neurosurgeon). RESULTS Data analysis identified five superordinate themes that were based on items that recurred in interviews (1) private practice of spinal surgery (high-risk surgery based on frequent functional symptoms, in an unfavorable medicolegal context); (2) societal transformation of thechanging or interrupting their careers earlier.PURPOSE Human eccrine sweat glands respond to α1-adrenergic receptor agonists. We recently reported that adrenergic mechanisms contribute to sweating in endurance-trained men during an incremental exercise to volitional fatigue. However, it remains unclear if this response is mediated by α1-adrenergic receptor activation. METHODS Twelve endurance-trained men performed an incremental cycling bout until exhaustion while wearing a water-perfused suit to clamp skin temperature at ~ 34 °C. Bilateral forearm sweat rates were measured wherein the distal area was treated with either 1% terazosin (α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist) or saline solution on the opposite limb (Control) via transdermal iontophoresis. We also measured proximal bilateral forearm sweat rate in untreated sites to confirm that no between-limb differences in forearm sweat rate occurred. Once sweat rate returned to pre-exercise resting levels at ~ 20 min postexercise, 0.25% phenylephrine (α1-adrenergic receptor agonist) was iontophoretically administered to skin to verify α1-adrenergic receptor blockade. RESULTS Sweat rates at the proximal untreated right and left forearm sites were similar during exercise (interaction, P = 0.581). Similarly, no effect of terazosin on sweat rate was measured relative to control site (interaction, P = 0.848). Postexercise administration of phenylephrine increased sweat rate at the control site (0.08 ± 0.09 mg cm-2 min-1), which was suppressed by ~ 90% at the terazosin-treated site (0.01 ± 0.02 mg cm-2 min-1) (P = 0.026), confirming that α1-adrenergic receptor blockade was intact. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that α1-adrenergic receptors located at eccrine sweat glands do not contribute to eccrine sweating during incremental exercise in young endurance-trained men.PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim was to review evidence about diabetes secondary to hereditary pancreatitis, seeking novel diagnostic and treatment features. RECENT FINDINGS Hereditary pancreatitis (HP) is an autosomal dominant condition, characterized by recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis, progression to fibrosis, and chronic pancreatitis. Clinical presentation includes diabetes of the exocrine pancreas (DEP). HP prevalence ranges from 0.3 to 0.57 per 100,000 people, with up to 80% of these develop DEP. This condition often requires specific interventions with regard to metabolic control, metformin is the first choice for those with mild DEP, and for those in advanced disease, insulin is considered the first-line therapy. Insulin analogues and insulin pump therapy are preferred due to the brittle glycemic pattern and risk of hypoglycemia. In case of exocrine insufficiency, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is recommended. Pancreatic polypeptide administration is a promising novel treatment feature. DEP due to HP appears to be a misdiagnosed condition. The requirement of specific management demonstrates the importance of this matter; therefore, appropriate recognition and classification are important.This study sought to discuss the correlation between the third-generation cephalosporins (3GC)-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and antibiotic consumption intensity from 143 Chinese tertiary hospitals in 2014. With a retrospective design, the correlation between antibiotic consumption and 3GC-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae were performed. 3GC-resistant E. coli was significantly correlated with the consumption of all antibiotics (r = 0.252, p  less then  0.01), β-Lactams antibiotics (r = 0.313, p  less then  0.01), β-Lactams excluding combinations with β-lactamase inhibitors (r = 0.365, p  less then  0.01), cephalosporin (r = 0.398, p  less then  0.01), cephalosporins excluding combinations with β-lactamase inhibitors (r = 0.374, p  less then  0.01), 3GC (r = 0.321, p  less then  0.01), and 3GC excluding combinations with β-lactamase inhibitors (r = 0.343, p less then  0.01). 3GC-resistant K. pneumoniae was significantly correlated with the consumption of all antibiotics (r = 0.200, p  less then  0.05), β-Lactams antibiotics (r = 0.232, p  less then  0.01), cephalosporin (r = 0.215, p less then  0.05), 3GC (r = 0.383, p  less then  0.01), 3GC excluding combinations with β-lactamase inhibitors (r = 0.245, p  less then  0.01), and β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (r = 0.218, p  less then  0.05). There was a significant relationship between the antibiotic consumption and the rates of 3GC-resistant E. coli and K. SAR405838 in vivo pneumoniae. Clinicians should grasp the indication of antibiotics use to reduce the production of drug-resistant bacteria.
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