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Introduction/aims Determine established neuromuscular disease patients' satisfaction with telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We received 50 completed Utah telehealth satisfaction surveys from a cohort of 90 from April 2020 to June 2020. Returning neuromuscular disease patients rated seven aspects from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) Communication, timeliness of physician, picture quality, sound quality, protection of privacy, the comfort of the physical exam, the ease of healthcare, and whether patients would prefer "in-person" visits despite safety precaution. A favorable response was defined as a response of "Agree" or "Strongly Agree" to the survey questions. An independent t-test, Fisher's or chi-square test were used to compare demographic factors on outcomes for each survey question. Results The average age was 47.54 ± 20.63, 54% were female, 70% from rural areas, 60% had family present "webside," and 14% had family present remotely. The majority of patients reported "Agree" or "Strongly Agree" to each survey question assessing their telehealth satisfaction, except for whether patients preferred in-person appointments. Demographic factors, including location and clinical diagnosis, did not influence survey responses. Discussion The vast majority of established neuromuscular disease patients responded favorably to their telehealth experience during the COVID-19 pandemic.While memory impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) is known to be associated with hippocampal alterations, whether hippocampal networks could dynamically reorganize as a compensation mechanism is still a matter of debate. In this context, our aim was to identify the patterns of structural and functional connectivity between the hippocampus and the rest of the brain and their possible relevance to memory performances in early MS. Thirty-two patients with a first episode suggestive of MS together with 10 matched healthy controls were prospectively explored at baseline, 1 and 5 years follow up. They were scanned with MRI and underwent a neuropsychological battery of tests that included the Selective Reminding Test and the Brief Visual Memory Test Revised to assess verbal and visuo-spatial memory, respectively. Hippocampal volume was computed together with four graph theory metrics to study the structural and functional connectivity of both hippocampi with the rest of the brain. Associations between network paramional reorganization seems to be able to maintain visuo-spatial memory performances with strengthened short-distance connections.Introduction Cochlear implantation is a fully accepted method of treating individuals with profound hearing loss. Since the indications for cochlear implantation have broadened and include patients with low-frequency residual hearing, single-sided deafness, or an already implanted ear (meaning bilateral cochlear implantation), the emphasis now needs to be on vestibular protection. Materials and Methods The research group was made up of 107 patients operated on in the otorhinolaryngosurgery department 59 females and 48 males, aged 10.4-80.2 years (M = 44.4; SD = 18.4) with hearing loss lasting from 1.4 to 56 years (M = 22.7; SD = 13.5). The patients underwent cVEMP, oVEMP, a caloric test, and vHIT assessment preoperatively, and, postoperatively, cVEMP and oVEMP at 1-3 months and a caloric test and vHIT at 4-6 months. Results After cochlear implantation, there was postoperative loss of cVEMP in 19.2% of the patients, oVEMP in 17.4%, reduction of caloric response in 11.6%, and postoperative destruction of the lateral, anterior, and posterior semicircular canal as measured with vHIT in 7.1, 3.9, and 4% respectively. Conclusions Hearing preservation techniques in cochlear implantation are connected with vestibular protection, but the risk of vestibular damage in never totally eliminated. The vestibular preservation is associated with hearing preservation and the relation is statistically significant. Informed consent for cochlear implantation must include information about possible vestibular damage. Since the risk of vestibular damage is appreciable, preoperative otoneurological diagnostics need to be conducted in the following situations qualification for a second implant, after otosurgery (especially if the opposite ear is to be implanted), having a history of vestibular complaints, and when there are no strict audiological or anatomical indications on which side to operate.Gait disorders are common in neurodegenerative diseases and distinguishing between seemingly similar kinematic patterns associated with different pathological entities is a challenge even for the experienced clinician. Ultimately, muscle activity underlies the generation of kinematic patterns. Therefore, one possible way to address this problem may be to differentiate gait disorders by analyzing intrinsic features of muscle activations patterns. Here, we examined whether it is possible to differentiate electromyography (EMG) gait patterns of healthy subjects and patients with different gait disorders using machine learning techniques. Nineteen healthy volunteers (9 male, 10 female, age 28.2 ± 6.2 years) and 18 patients with gait disorders (10 male, 8 female, age 66.2 ± 14.7 years) resulting from different neurological diseases walked down a hallway 10 times at a convenient pace while their muscle activity was recorded via surface EMG electrodes attached to 5 muscles of each leg (10 channels in total). Gait dit disorders from healthy controls and may help classification with respect to the underlying disorder even when classifiers are trained on comparably small cohorts. In our study, CNN achieved higher accuracy than SVM and KNN and may constitute a promising method for further investigation.Background Limited information is known about the topographic effect of optic disc drusen (ODD) on peripapillary retinal nerve fibers and microvasculature. Objective This study aims to understand the structural and functional impact of ODD in different quadrants of the optic disc. Methods We performed a retrospective case-control study of 22 ODD patients (34 eyes) and 26 controls (33 eyes) to compare optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), OCT angiography (OCTA), and corresponding static perimetry mean deviation (MD) calculated using the modified Garway-Heath map in different quadrants of the optic disc. OCTA was analyzed using custom MATLAB script to measure six parameters in a peripapillary annulus with large vessel removal vessel area density (VAD), vessel skeleton density (VSD), vessel perimeter index (VPI), vessel complexity index (VCI), flux, and vessel diameter index (VDI). Results Quadrant analysis revealed that OCTA VAD and VCI were significantly decreased in superior, naVPI) are decreased in the superior and nasal quadrants. OCT/OCTA measurements were significantly impacted in contrast to the relatively mild effect on corresponding visual field MD, consistent with the idea that a decrease in objective structural and vascular measurements occurs without parallel change in subjective visual function in ODD.This study aimed to investigate the influence of serum folate, vitamin B12 (VitB12) levels, and inflammation-based scores on the motor performance status in Parkinson's disease (PD). We retrospectively collected data from 148 consecutive patients with idiopathic PD first admitted to our hospital. We measured whole blood count, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, folate, and VitB12 levels and calculated the inflammation-based scores. The following scales were applied to assess the motor performance status activity of daily living scale (ADL, the Barthel Index), the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS-III), and Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) classification. The geometric mean of folate and VitB12 levels were 11.87 (ng/ml) and 330.52 (pmol/L), respectively. Folate deficiency (serum level less then 4.0 ng/ml) and VitB12 deficiency (serum level less then 133 pg/ml) were present in 0.7 and 5.4% of the patients, respectively. JQ1 purchase The mean prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and systemic immune-ated with ADL. Elevated serum folate level correlates with mild motor impairment in patients with PD.Objective Capillaries within the inner ear form a semi-permeable barrier called the blood-labyrinth barrier that is less permeable than capillary barriers elsewhere within the human body. link2 Dysfunction of the blood-labyrinth barrier has been proposed as a mechanism for several audio-vestibular disorders. There has been interest in using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with intravenous gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) as a marker for the integrity of the blood labyrinth barrier in research and clinical settings. This scoping review evaluates the evidence for using intravenous gadolinium-enhanced MRI to assess the permeability of the blood-labyrinth barrier in healthy and diseased ears. Methods A systematic search was conducted of three databases PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL PLUS. link3 Studies were included that used GBCA to study the inner ear and permeability of the blood-labyrinth barrier. Data was collected on MRI protocols used and inner ear enhancement patterns of healthy and diseased ears in both human and ans a lack of evidence that these findings indicate general permeability of the blood-labyrinth barrier. Future studies with consistent and rigorous methods are needed to investigate the relationship between gadolinium uptake and assessments of inner ear function and to better determine whether signal enhancement indicates permeability for molecules other than gadolinium.Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the bridging neurons that connect the retinal input to the visual processing centres within the central nervous system. There is a remarkable diversity of RGCs and the various subtypes have unique morphological features, distinct functions, and characteristic pathways linking the inner retina to the relevant brain areas. A number of psychophysical and electrophysiological tests have been refined to investigate this large and varied population of RGCs. Technological advances, such as high-resolution optical coherence tomography imaging, have provided additional tools to define the pattern of RGC involvement and the chronological sequence of events in both inherited and acquired optic neuropathies. The mechanistic insights gained from these studies, in particular the selective vulnerability and relative resilience of particular RGC subtypes, are of fundamental importance as they are directly relevant to the development of targeted therapies for these invariably progressive blinding diseases. This review provides a comprehensive description of the various types of RGCs, the developments in proposed methods of classification, and the current gaps in our knowledge of how these RGCs are differentially affected depending on the underlying aetiology. The synthesis of the current body of knowledge on the diversity of RGCs and the pathways that are potentially amenable to therapeutic modulation will hopefully lead to much needed effective treatments for patients with optic neuropathies.Introduction Depression and anxiety are common among patients with migraine and usually associated with a humanistic and financial burden. This study aims to examine the direct healthcare expenditures among adults with migraine alone or with comorbid anxiety and/or depression. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using 2012, 2014, and 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data. Adult patients aged ≥22 years with migraine headache were included in the study. The direct healthcare expenditures of four migraine groups (migraine alone, migraine and anxiety, migraine and depression, and migraine and both conditions) were compared. Results There were 1,556 patients who met the inclusion criteria and eventually enrolled in the study. Approximately 42% of the study sample had migraine with comorbid depression and/or anxiety (16.1% have depression, 12.3% have anxiety disorder, and 13.9% have both). The mean total healthcare expenditures of adults with migraine alone ($6,461) were significantly lower than those with comorbid depression and anxiety ($11,102), comorbid anxiety ($10,817), and comorbid depression ($14,577).
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