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Techno-economic review of your lasting along with cost-effective bioprocess for large range creation of polyhydroxybutyrate.
This study covers the fundamentals of bonding but focuses specifically on veneer acetylation and its fabrication to engineered veneer-based products. The influencing factors of acetylation on bonding are also discussed.
The purpose of this review was to analyze and correlate the findings for zirconia implants in clinical, preclinical and in vitro cell studies in relation to surface structure.

Electronic searches were conducted to identify clinical, preclinical and in vitro cell studies on zirconia implant surfaces. The primary outcomes were mean bone loss (MBL) for clinical studies, bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and removal torque (RT) for preclinical studies and cell spreading, cell proliferation and gene expression for cell studies. The secondary outcomes included comparisons of data found for those surfaces that were investigated in all three study types.

From 986 screened titles, 40 studies were included for data extraction. In clinical studies, only micro-structured surfaces were investigated. The lowest MBL was reported for sandblasted and subsequently etched surfaces, followed by a sinter and slurry treatment and sandblasted surfaces. For BIC, no clear preference of one surface structure was observable, while RT was slightly higher for micro-structured than smooth surfaces. All cell studies showed that cell spreading and cytoskeletal formation were enhanced on smooth compared with micro-structured surfaces.

No correlation was observed for the effect of surface structure of zirconia implants within the results of clinical, preclinical and in vitro cell studies, underlining the need for standardized procedures for human, animal and in vitro studies.
No correlation was observed for the effect of surface structure of zirconia implants within the results of clinical, preclinical and in vitro cell studies, underlining the need for standardized procedures for human, animal and in vitro studies.Fluorescent biopolymer derivatives are increasingly used in biology and medicine, but their resistance to heat and UV radiation, which are sterilizing agents, is relatively unknown. In this work, chitosan (CS) modified by three different heterocyclic aromatic dyes based on benzimidazole, benzothiazole, and benzoxazole (assigned as IBm, BTh, and BOx) has been studied. The thermal properties of these CS derivatives have been determined using the Thermogravimetric Analysis coupled with the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy of volatile degradation products. The influence of UV radiation on the thermal resistance of modified, fluorescent chitosan samples was also investigated. Based on the temperature onset as well as the decomposition temperatures at a maximal rate, IBm was found to be more thermally stable than BOx and BTh. However, this dye gave off the most volatile products (mainly water, ammonia, carbon oxides, and carbonyl/ether compounds). The substitution of dyes for chitosan changes its thermal stability slightly. Characteristic decomposition temperatures in modified CS vary by a few degrees (<10 °C) from the virgin sample. Considering the temperatures of the main decomposition stage, CS-BOx turned out to be the most stable. The UV irradiation of chitosan derivatives leads to minor changes in the thermal parameters and a decrease in the number of volatile degradation products. It was concluded that the obtained CS derivatives are characterized by good resistance to heat and UV irradiation, which extends the possibilities of using these innovative materials.Silica is one of the most widely used ceramics due to its excellent chemical stability and dielectric property. However, its destructive brittle nature inhabits it from wider application as a functional ceramic. An improvement in toughness is a challenging topic for silica ceramic, as well as other ceramics. In the paper, silica ceramic with different types of boron nitride powders and alumina platelets was fabricated by hot-pressing. Introduction of the additives had great influence on the composites' mechanical properties and microstructure. The silica matrix composite containing micro-sized boron nitride powders possessed the best mechanical properties, including the bending strength (134.5 MPa) and the fracture toughness (1.85 Mpa·m1/2). Meanwhile, the introduction of alumina platelets combined with boron nitride nanosheets achieved an effective enhancement of fracture toughness while maintaining the bending strength. Compared with the monolithic silica, the composite with simultaneous addition of alumina platelets and boron nitride nanosheets had a fracture toughness of 2.23 Mpa·m1/2, increased by approximately 27% (1.75 Mpa·m1/2). The crack deflection and platelet pullout were contributing to enhancement of the fracture toughness. The improved mechanical properties, combined with the intrinsic excellent dielectric and chemical properties, make the silica matrix composites promising wave transparent and thermal protection materials.Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed at the interface in lithium-ion batteries plays an important role in isolating electrons and permeating ions during charging/discharging processes. Therefore, the formation of a good interface is crucial for better battery performance. In this study, additives based on adiponitrile (ADN) and trimethyl borate (TMB) were employed to broaden the electrochemical window and form a good SEI layer. Electrochemical Atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM) was used for in situ studies of film-formation mechanisms in high-voltage electrolytes on high-temperature pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), as well as Li- and Mn-rich (LMR) materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) combined with electrochemical methods revealed a synergistic reaction between the two additives to form a more stable interfacial film during charging/discharging processes to yield assembled batteries with improved cycle performance, its capacity increased from below 100 mAh/g to 200 mAh/g after 50 cycles. In sum, these findings would have great significance for the development of high voltage lithium-ion batteries with enhanced performance.Spruce wood (Picea Mariana) is a highly orthotropic material whose fracture behavior in the presence of U-shaped notches and under combined tensile-tearing loading (so-called mixed-mode I/III loading) is analyzed in this work. Thus, several tests are carried out on U-notched samples with different notch tip radii (1 mm, 2 mm, and 4 mm) under various combinations of loading modes I and III (pure mode I, pure mode III, and three mixed-mode I/III loadings), from which both the experimental fracture loads and the fracture angles of the specimens are obtained. Because of the linear elastic behavior of the spruce wood, the point stress (PS) and mean stress (MS) methods, both being stress-based criteria, are used in combination with the Virtual Isotropic Material Concept (VIMC) for predicting the fracture loads and the fracture angles. By employing the VIMC, the spruce wood as an orthotropic material is modeled as a homogeneous and isotropic material with linear elastic behavior. The stress components required for calculating the experimental values of notch stress intensity factors are obtained by finite element (FE) analyses of the test configuration using commercial FE software from the fracture loads obtained experimentally. read more The discrepancies between the experimental and theoretical results of the critical notch stress intensity factors are obtained between -12.1% and -15% for the PS criterion and between -5.9% and -14.6% for the MS criterion, respectively. The discrepancies related to fracture initiation angle range from -1.0% to +12.1% for the PS criterion and from +1.5% to +12.2% for the MS criterion, respectively. Thus, both the PS and MS models have good accuracy when compared with the experimental data. It is also found that both failure criteria underestimate the fracture resistance of spruce wood under mixed-mode I/III loading.Triple perovskite has been recently developed for the intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC). The performance of Nd1.5Ba1.5CoFeMnO9-δ (NBCFM) cathodes for IT-SOFC is investigated in this work. The interfacial polarization resistance (RP) of NBCFM is 1.1273 Ω cm2~0.1587 Ω cm2 in the range of 700-800 °C, showing good electrochemical performance. The linear thermal expansion coefficient of NBCFM is 17.40 × 10-6 K-1 at 40-800 °C, which is significantly higher than that of the electrolyte. In order to further improve the electrochemical performance and reduce the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of NBCFM, Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ (SDC) is mixed with NBCFM to prepare an NBCFM-xSDC composite cathode (x = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 wt.%). The thermal expansion coefficient decreases monotonically from 17.40 × 10-6 K-1 to 15.25 × 10-6 K-1. The surface oxygen exchange coefficient of NBCFM-xSDC at a given temperature increases from 10-4 to 10-3 cm s-1 over the po2 range from 0.01 to 0.09 atm, exhibiting fast surface exchange kinetics. The area specific resistance (ASR) of NBCFM-30%SDC is 0.06575 Ω cm2 at 800 °C, which is only 41% of the ASR value of NBCFM (0.15872 Ω cm2). The outstanding performance indicates the feasibility of NBCFM-30% SDC as an IT-SOFC cathode material. This study provides a promising strategy for designing high-performance composite cathodes for SOFCs based on triple perovskite structures.Inorganic glasses co-doped with rare-earth ions have a key potential application value in the field of optical communications. In this paper, we have fabricated and then characterized multicomponent TiO2-modified germanate glasses co-doped with Yb3+/Ln3+ (Ln = Pr, Er, Tm, Ho) with excellent spectroscopic properties. Glass systems were directly excited at 980 nm (the 2F7/2 → 2F5/2 transition of Yb3+). We demonstrated that the introduction of TiO2 is a promising option to significantly enhance the main near-infrared luminescence bands located at the optical telecommunication window at 1.3 μm (Pr3+ 1G4 → 3H5), 1.5 μm (Er3+ 4I13/2 → 4I15/2), 1.8 μm (Tm3+ 3F4 → 3H6) and 2.0 μm (Ho3+ 5I7 → 7I8). Based on the lifetime values, the energy transfer efficiencies (ηET) were estimated. The values of ηET are changed from 31% for Yb3+/Ho3+ glass to nearly 53% for Yb3+/Pr3+ glass. The investigations show that obtained titanate-germanate glass is an interesting type of special glasses integrating luminescence properties and spectroscopic parameters, which may be a promising candidate for application in laser sources emitting radiation and broadband tunable amplifiers operating in the near-infrared range.Graphene oxide (GO) was heavily used in the adsorption process of various heavy metal ions (such as copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) ions), resulting in a huge waste quantity of graphene oxide@metal ions complex. In this research, the authors try to solve this issue. Herein, the GO surface was loaded with divalent (Cu2+) and trivalent (Fe3+) heavy metal ions as a simulated waste of the heavy metal in various removal processes to form GO@Cu and (GO@Fe) composites, respectively. After that, the previous nanocomposites were used to remove cationic methylene blue (MB) dye. The prepared composites were characterized with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), transition electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR), Raman, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS) before and after the adsorption process. Various adsorption factors of the two composites towards MB-dye were investigated. Based on the adsorption isotherm information, the adsorption process of MB-dye is highly fitted with the Langmuir model with maximum capacities (mg g-1) (384.
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