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OGT Regulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Function by means of All forms of diabetes Weakness Gene Pdx1.
Although the study of nonradiating anapoles has long been part of fundamental physics, the dynamic anapole at optical frequencies was only recently experimentally demonstrated in a specialized silicon nanodisk structure. We report excitation of the electrodynamic anapole state in isotropic silicon nanospheres using radially polarized beam illumination. The superposition of equal and out-of-phase amplitudes of the Cartesian electric and toroidal dipoles produces a pronounced dip in the scattering spectra with the scattering intensity almost reaching zero-a signature of anapole excitation. The total scattering intensity associated with the anapole excitation is found to be more than 10 times weaker for illumination with radially vs linearly polarized beams. Our approach provides a simple, straightforward alternative path to realizing nonradiating anapole states at the optical frequencies.We probe the N=82 nuclear shell closure by mass measurements of neutron-rich cadmium isotopes with the ISOLTRAP spectrometer at ISOLDE-CERN. The new mass of ^132Cd offers the first value of the N=82, two-neutron shell gap below Z=50 and confirms the phenomenon of mutually enhanced magicity at ^132Sn. find more Using the recently implemented phase-imaging ion-cyclotron-resonance method, the ordering of the low-lying isomers in ^129Cd and their energies are determined. The new experimental findings are used to test large-scale shell-model, mean-field, and beyond-mean-field calculations, as well as the ab initio valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group.We exploit a few- to many-body approach to study strongly interacting dipolar bosons in the quasi-one-dimensional system. The dipoles attract each other while the short range interactions are repulsive. Solving numerically the multiatom Schrödinger equation, we discover that such systems can exhibit not only the well-known bright soliton solutions but also novel quantum droplets for a strongly coupled case. For larger systems, basing on microscopic properties of the found few-body solution, we propose a new equation for a density amplitude of atoms. It accounts for fermionization for strongly repelling bosons by incorporating the Lieb-Liniger energy in a local density approximation and approaches the standard Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) in the weakly interacting limit. Not only does such a framework provide an alternative mechanism of the droplet stability, but it also introduces means to further analyze this previously unexplored quantum phase. In the limiting strong repulsion case, yet another simple multiatom model is proposed. We stress that the celebrated Lee-Huang-Yang term in the GPE is not applicable in this case.Although artificial neural networks have recently been proven to provide a promising new framework for constructing quantum many-body wave functions, the parametrization of a quantum wave function with non-abelian symmetries in terms of a Boltzmann machine inherently leads to biased results due to the basis dependence. We demonstrate that this problem can be overcome by sampling in the basis of irreducible representations instead of spins, for which the corresponding ansatz respects the non-abelian symmetries of the system. We apply our methodology to find the ground states of the one-dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg (AFH) model with spin-1/2 and spin-1 degrees of freedom, and obtain a substantially higher accuracy than when using the s_z basis as an input to the neural network. The proposed ansatz can target excited states, which is illustrated by calculating the energy gap of the AFH model. We also generalize the framework to the case of anyonic spin chains.We derive detailed and integral quantum fluctuation theorems for heat exchange in a quantum correlated bipartite thermal system using the framework of dynamic Bayesian networks. Contrary to the usual two-projective-measurement scheme that is known to destroy quantum features, these fluctuation relations fully capture quantum correlations and quantum coherence at arbitrary times. We further obtain individual integral fluctuation theorems for classical and quantum correlations, as well as for local and global quantum coherences.We have simultaneously measured angular distributions and electronic energy loss of helium ions and protons directly transmitted through self-supporting, single-crystalline silicon foils. We have compared the energy loss along channeled and random trajectories for incident ion energies between 50 and 200 keV. For all studied cases the energy loss in channeling geometry is found lower than in random geometry. In the case of protons, this difference increases with initial ion energy. This behavior can be explained by the increasing contribution of excitations of core electrons, which are more likely to happen at small impact parameters accessible only in random geometry. For helium ions we observe a reverse trend-a decrease of the difference between channeled and random energy loss for increasing ion energy. Because of the inefficiency of core-electron excitations even at small impact parameters at such low energies, another mechanism has to be the cause for the observed difference. We provide evidence that the observation originates from reionization events induced by close collisions of helium ions occurring only along random trajectories.Emitter ensembles interact collectively with the radiation field. In the case of a one-dimensional array of atoms near a nanofiber, this collective light-matter interaction does not only lead to an increased photon coupling to the guided modes within the fiber, but also to a drastic enhancement of the chirality in the photon emission. We show that near-perfect chirality can be achieved already for moderately sized ensembles, containing 10 to 15 atoms, by phase matching a superradiant collective guided emission mode via an external laser field. This is of importance for developing an efficient interface between atoms and waveguide structures with unidirectional coupling, with applications in quantum computing and communication such as the development of nonreciprocal photon devices or quantum information transfer channels.
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