Notes

Fresh tyoe of ghost imaging by having an electro-magnetic Gaussian Schell-model column.
Gravitational waves (GWs) are subject to gravitational lensing in the same way as electromagnetic radiation. However, to date, no unequivocal observation of a lensed GW transient has been reported. Independently, GW observatories continue to search for the stochastic GW signal that is produced by many transient events at high redshift. We exploit a surprising connection between the lensing of individual transients and limits to the background radiation produced by the unresolved population of binary back hole mergers we show that it constrains the fraction of individually resolvable lensed binary black holes to less than ∼4×10^-5 at present sensitivity. We clarify the interpretation of existing, low redshift GW observations (obtained assuming no lensing) in terms of their apparent lensed redshifts and masses and explore constraints from GW observatories at future sensitivity. Based on our results, recent claims of observations of lensed events are statistically disfavored.The 2017 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of the central source in M87 have led to the first measurement of the size of a black-hole shadow. This observation offers a new and clean gravitational test of the black-hole metric in the strong-field regime. We show analytically that spacetimes that deviate from the Kerr metric but satisfy weak-field tests can lead to large deviations in the predicted black-hole shadows that are inconsistent with even the current EHT measurements. We use numerical calculations of regular, parametric, non-Kerr metrics to identify the common characteristic among these different parametrizations that control the predicted shadow size. We show that the shadow-size measurements place significant constraints on deviation parameters that control the second post-Newtonian and higher orders of each metric and are, therefore, inaccessible to weak-field tests. The new constraints are complementary to those imposed by observations of gravitational waves from stellar-mass sources.Calculations of the opacity of hot, dense matter require models for plasma line broadening. However, the most general theories are too complex to calculate directly and some approximation is inevitably required. The most widely used approaches focus on the line center, where a Lorentzian shape is obtained. Here, we demonstrate that in the opposite limit, far from the line center, the opacity can be expressed in terms of second-order transitions, such as electron-photon and two-photon processes. We suggest that this insight could form the basis for a new approach to improve calculations of opacity in hot, dense matter. SR-25990C price Preliminary calculations suggest that this approach could yield increased opacity away from absorption lines.We present a quantum theory of dielectric energy loss arising from the piezoelectric coupling between photons and phonons in superconducting devices. Photon loss is shown to occur predominantly at the interface, where the piezoelectric effect is nonzero even when the materials are perfectly crystalline (epitaxial) and free of two-level system defects. We present explicit numerical calculations for the value of the intrinsic loss tangent at several interfaces to conclude that the T_1 of superconducting qubits may reach over 10^4  μs if the device is made with defect-free interfaces.The neutron capture cross sections of several unstable nuclides acting as branching points in the s process are crucial for stellar nucleosynthesis studies. The unstable ^171Tm (t_1/2=1.92  yr) is part of the branching around mass A∼170 but its neutron capture cross section as a function of the neutron energy is not known to date. In this work, following the production for the first time of more than 5 mg of ^171Tm at the high-flux reactor Institut Laue-Langevin in France, a sample was produced at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. Two complementary experiments were carried out at the neutron time-of-flight facility (n_TOF) at CERN in Switzerland and at the SARAF liquid lithium target facility at Soreq Nuclear Research Center in Israel by time of flight and activation, respectively. The result of the time-of-flight experiment consists of the first ever set of resonance parameters and the corresponding average resonance parameters, allowing us to make an estimation of the Maxwellian-averaged cross sections (MACS) by extrapolation. The activation measurement provides a direct and more precise measurement of the MACS at 30 keV 384(40) mb, with which the estimation from the n_TOF data agree at the limit of 1 standard deviation. This value is 2.6 times lower than the JEFF-3.3 and ENDF/B-VIII evaluations, 25% lower than that of the Bao et al. compilation, and 1.6 times larger than the value recommended in the KADoNiS (v1) database, based on the only previous experiment. Our result affects the nucleosynthesis at the A∼170 branching, namely, the ^171Yb abundance increases in the material lost by asymptotic giant branch stars, providing a better match to the available pre-solar SiC grain measurements compared to the calculations based on the current JEFF-3.3 model-based evaluation.We report magnetoabsorption spectroscopy of gated WSe_2 monolayers in high magnetic fields up to 60 T. When doped with a 2D Fermi sea of mobile holes, well-resolved sequences of optical transitions are observed in both σ^± circular polarizations, which unambiguously and separately indicate the number of filled Landau levels (LLs) in both K and K^' valleys. This reveals the interaction-enhanced valley Zeeman energy, which is found to be highly tunable with hole density p. We exploit this tunability to align the LLs in K and K^', and find that the 2D hole gas becomes unstable against small changes in LL filling and can spontaneously valley polarize. These results cannot be understood within a single-particle picture, highlighting the importance of exchange interactions in determining the ground state of 2D carriers in monolayer semiconductors.We report on strain engineering of superconductivity in RuO_2 single-crystal films, which are epitaxially grown on rutile TiO_2 and MgF_2 substrates with various crystal orientations. Systematic mappings between the superconducting transition temperature and the lattice parameters reveal that shortening of specific ruthenium-oxygen bonds is a common feature among the superconducting RuO_2 films. Ab initio calculations of electronic and phononic structures for the strained RuO_2 films suggest the importance of soft phonon modes for emergence of the superconductivity. The findings indicate that simple transition metal oxides such as those with a rutile structure may be suitable for further exploring superconductivity by controlling phonon modes through the epitaxial strain.
My Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Clopidogrel-bisulfate.html