Notes

Monte Carlo based standardization of the air flow keeping track of technique for gamma as well as beta+ the radiation.
In pear, sucrose was mainly distributed in vacuole; and the alternation of sucrose abundance was associated the change of vacuolar invertase (VI) activity during fruit storage. However, the molecular mechanism beneath such phenomenon has not been clarified until recently. For this, a combination of metabolite, enzyme activity, transcriptome, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), bioinformation, subcellular localization, and transient overexpression assay was conducted in this study to identify the acid invertase 1 (PbrAc-Inv1) and invertase inhibitor 5 (PbrII5) involved in sucrose degradation during 'Housui' pear storage. Both PbrAc-Inv1 and PbrII5 were located in vacuolar membrane. PbrAc-Inv1 could accelerate sucrose degradation; on the other hand, PbrII5 could bind with PbrAc-Inv1 to form a inactive complex, downregulate the VI activity, and suppressed sucrose decomposition. Based on Bio-layer interferometry (BLI) result after domain substitution, the domain on the left of catalytic 'WEC-P/V-D' box in PbrAc-Inv1 might played a key role in its interaction with PbrII5. For the last two decades there has been a rise in awareness about the general low dietary intake of vitamin D3. Fish have the highest natural content of vitamin D3, which is suggested to originate from zooplankton and microalgae. However there are no studies reporting which microalgal species may be the source of vitamin D3. In this study, four selected microalgal species were cultivated during exposure of artificial UVB. The effect of UVB dose on the growth and biochemical composition of the cells (vitamin D3, PUFAs and carotenoids) was evaluated. Of the four species, exclusively Nannochloropsis oceanica was able to produce vitamin D3 (up to 1 ± 0.3 µg/g DM), and production was significantly enhanced by increasing the dose of the UVB. These findings suggest that N.oceanica exposed to artificial UVB could be used as a new natural source of vitamin D3, either as direct source or through animal feed. INTRODUCTION Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) is the most common cause of hearing impairment in the pediatric population. Pediatric obesity is another major health issue with numerous reported health consequences, however, published studies about its role in OME are limited. This study aims to investigate the impact of pediatric obesity on the prevalence and outcome of OME. METHODS A case-control study on 112 children aged 2-18 years who underwent ventilation tube insertion for the treatment of OME during 2015-2017 (cases) and 130 children with no history of OME matching for age and gender (control group). Each group was divided into four subgroups based on BMI by age and gender. The differences in the BMI between the cases and the control group were explored. The cases were further divided into obese and non-obese subgroups and were compared to determine the impact of obesity on the presentation and outcome of OME. RESULTS Mean±SD BMI is significantly higher in the cases compared to the control group (19.98±5.20 vs. 17.25±4.21) (P=0.032). Obesity is significantly more prevalent in patients with OME compared to the control group (25.0% vs. 19.2%) (P=0.021). Obese OME patients are more prone to develop recurrence compared to non-obese OME patients (OR 3.51, 95% CI1.12, 11.01). CONCLUSION Pediatric obesity might be associated with the development of OME. Moreover, obese OME patients are more prone to develop recurrence compared to non-obese patients. Pollution discharge from animal husbandry deteriorates the environment and is of global concern. In this study, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to indirectly estimate the pollution discharge of livestock and poultry breeding in terms of sustainable development in China. Land, biogas, and grassland were included as input indexes, and the inverted values of indexes of organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus produced by pigs, dairy cattle, beef cattle, poultry, and sheep were included as output indexes. Based on the DEA model with variable returns to scale, the "pollution intensity index of livestock and poultry breeding" was estimated using the principle of output maximization. SAR405 ic50 This study focused on livestock and poultry farming pollution emissions, and the slack-based measure directional distance and metafrontier efficiency functions were used to measure the environmental total factor productivity (ETFP) of animal husbandry in each province and six major animal husbandry production regions of China during 2001-2017. Additionally, a spatial econometric model was employed to analyze the factors affecting animal husbandry ETFP. The results show that the mean value of animal husbandry ETFP was higher than that of conventional total factor productivity. The driver of increased animal husbandry ETFP was technological progress. Overall, China's animal husbandry was developing sustainably, and there was little scope for group technology to catch up. According to an empirical analysis of influencing factors, farmers' improved per capita income level and environmental governance helped to increase animal husbandry ETFP. Furthermore, various measures to improve animal husbandry ETFP in China according to local conditions are needed. Finally, animal husbandry should continue to develop sustainably, using environmental regulations that continuously exert the "Porter Effect." Global warming has degraded coral reef ecosystems worldwide. Some corals develop thermal tolerance by associating with heat-tolerant Symbiodiniaceae. Here, we studied the mechanisms surrounding the dispersal, genetic variation and symbionts interaction of heat-tolerant Durusdinium trenchii across 13° latitudes in the South China Sea (SCS), to explore the possible mechanisms underlying these changes. Our results showed that Durusdinium trenchii are widely distributed in the seawater from the SCS. Our analyses of microsatellite loci revealed that D. trenchii has a high genetic diversity in the SCS; STRUCTURE analysis indicated that D. trenchii can be divided into four populations within the SCS; There exist positive correlations between genetic variation and geographic isolation, average sea surface temperature (SST) and variations in SST. Network modelling inferences showed that D. trenchii is a key species in the Symbiodiniaceae communities in the tropical SCS and contributes the greatest number of co-exclusion relationships.
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