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Postoperative the respiratory system difficulties soon after adenotonsillectomy in children using obstructive sleep apnea.
96 (95% CI 0.93-0.99; p = 0.024). Instrumental variable analysis showed an adjusted OR of 1.00 (95% CI 0.99-1.02; p = 0.741). CONCLUSIONS Treatment strategies varied significantly between the Netherlands and Norway, with more surgery and less radiotherapy in Norway. Adjusted overall survival was better in Norway for all patients and patients less then 75 years, but not for patients ≥75 years. Instrumental variable analysis showed no benefit in one-year mortality for a treatment strategy with a higher proportion of surgery and a lower proportion of radiotherapy. Our findings emphasise the need for further research to select patients with incurable metastatic colorectal cancer for different treatment options. INTRODUCTION The indication for choosing the minimally invasive approach for large adrenal mass remains controversial. This study is to assess perioperative outcomes after minimally invasive adrenalectomy (MIA) versus open adrenalectomy (OA) for adrenal mass ≥ 6 cm. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort of 173 patients underwent adrenalectomy for adrenal mass ≥ 6 cm in our urology center between May 2005 and April 2018 was included. MIA was performed in 96 patients, whereas 77 patients underwent OA. We performed a retrospective propensity score-matched study to compare MIA versus OA. RESULTS After propensity score-matched, 58 matched pairs of patients identified from each group. There were no significant differences between the groups in postoperative morbidity (p = 0.146), operative time (p = 0.163), intraoperative hypertension (p = 0.248) and drainage time (p = 0.188). Estimated blood loss, the rate of blood transfusions postoperative hospital stay was less in MIA group (p less then 0.0001; p = 0.007; p less then 0.0001). Total expense was significantly more in the MIA group [49379.28 (38496.69, 68008.69) CNY vs 39951.48 (30666.33, 50292.03) CNY, p = 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS MIA results in equivalent perioperative outcomes compared with OA and is an effective and safe surgical method for patients with an adrenal mass more than 6 cm in diameter. BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the validity of rebound tonometry measurements obtained over eyes wearing extended-wear bandage contact lenses with the highest oxygen transmissibility (Dk/t) value of 175 @ -3.00 D. METHODS A total of 151 normal eyes were included in this prospective pretest-posttest study. A rebound tonometer (iCare PRO) was used to collect intraocular pressure readings from "naked" eyes (eyes without contact lenses) and the same eyes wearing extended-wear lotrafilcon A bandage contact lenses (Alcon Air Optix Night & Day Aqua Contact Lenses). The mean pre- and post-application values were pooled and compared using the paired t-test. RESULTS The application of extended-wear lotrafilcon A contact lenses over normal eyes did not cause a statistically significant change in the intraocular pressure measurements obtained using an iCare PRO tonometer (13.74 ± 2.15 mm Hg vs. 13.77 ± 2.26 mm Hg, p-value = 0.6506). CONCLUSION Based on this study conducted on normal eyes, the removal of extended-wear bandage contact lenses is not necessary when taking intraocular pressure measurements using the iCare PRO rebound tonometer. PURPOSE To investigate ocular discomfort during contact lens wear using a wrist-mounted electronic 'lens awareness logger' (LAL). METHODS Thirty symptomatic contact lens wearers wore study contact lenses for three days. U0126 cost On the first two days, two lens types which are known to differ in end-of-day comfort (lens A senofilcon A and lens B balafilcon A), were worn as a matching pair (randomised order). On day three, a pair of lens B was worn. On each day, the participant used a LAL. On day one and two, the participant pressed a button on the LAL whenever they became aware of their lenses due to discomfort. On day three, the participant used a multiple click protocol (1 = mild awareness to 3 = severe awareness) to report discomfort. RESULTS LAL events were similar on days one and two (17.3 vs. 15.8 events per day). There were significantly more LAL events for lens B (21.6 events per day) in comparison with lens A (11.6 events per day) (p = 0.006). The LAL event profile highlighted peaks in awareness following lens application and towards the end of the wearing cycle. Comparison of the LAL event profile for the two lens types showed significant differences in lens awareness, particularly in the first half of the wearing cycle. LAL events on day 3, showed a uniform distribution of single and double clicks through the day, but a marked peak in triple clicks in the last two hours of lens wear. CONCLUSION The LAL was able to differentiate between the study lenses and demonstrated differences in their LAL event profiles. Lens awareness associated with discomfort appeared to increase not only in frequency, but also in intensity towards the end of the wearing cycle. The ability of the LAL to track lens awareness suggests it is likely to be a useful tool in furthering understanding of ocular discomfort. BACKGROUND Low back pain represents a major healthcare challenge in Germany and worldwide. The research field is highly dynamic. The aim of this evidence map was to create a compact overview of current systematic reviews on interventions for non-specific low back pain. METHODS Medline (PubMed), the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Epistemonikos were systematically searched from March 2015 to March 2019 for systematic reviews addressing any interventions for acute, subacute or chronic non-specific low back pain and reporting at least one patient-relevant outcome. Key information on the characteristics and conclusions of the included reviews were extracted and aspects of the methodological quality of the included reviews were assessed independently by two reviewers. The data were tabulated. RESULTS The search identified 1,436 records. 53 systematic reviews were included in the evidence map. The quality of the reviews and of the studies included therein varied. The reviews addressed a variety of different interventions, with considerable heterogeneity of their characteristics and methodological aspects. Many reviews found evidence for positive effects of the studied interventions, some found evidence for no effect, but the quantity and quality of the evidence were often judged as insufficient for formulating robust conclusions. Relatively few data were available on adverse events. CONCLUSION This evidence map provides a compact resource for the use of current systematic reviews on interventions for non-specific low back pain. The methodological deficits of many reviews require a careful approach towards their findings and conclusions and suggest a need for methodologically rigorous reviews.
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