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After 6 months, participants are crossed over to the other study arm. Primary endpoint is the incidence of newly diagnosed AF leading to oral anticoagulation indicated by an independent physician. Clinical follow-up will be at least 12 months. In both groups, follow-up is performed by 4-week app-based questionnaires, personal contact in case of abnormal findings, and matching with claim-based insurance data and medical reports. read more At time of writing enrollment is completed. First results are expected to be available in mid-2021.Triclabendazole is the anthelminthic of choice for the treatment of fascioliasis, however, it is only registered in a few countries. We investigated the efficacy of a single-dose of triclabendazole (12 mg/kg) or albendazole (15 mg/kg) against Fasciola spp. infection in cattle on farms in the northern part of Côte d'Ivoire in a randomized clinical trial. Faecal samples were obtained from 196 cattle, of which 155 (79.1%) were found positive for Fasciola spp. by the sedimentation technique. Cattle infected with Fasciola spp. were randomly allocated (331) to receive triclabendazole (n = 66), albendazole (n = 67) or left untreated to serve as control (n = 22). Follow-up faecal samples were collected on days 21, 28, 90 and 188 post-treatment. No adverse events were observed as reported by farmers in any of the treatment groups. The proportion of non-egg shedding cattle, assessed at day 21 (primary outcome), was significantly higher in cattle treated with triclabendazole (95.4%) compared to those receiving albendazole (70.3%; odds ratio [OR] 8.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.43-31.28, p less then 0.001). The egg reduction rate (ERR) expressed as number of eggs per gram of faeces, a secondary endpoint assessed at day 21 post-treatment, was significantly higher in the triclabendazole arm (arithmetic mean (AM) ERR = 99.8%) than in the albendazole arm (AM ERR = 92.2%), with a difference of 7.6%-points (95% CI 0.9-14.5%-points, p=0.026). This is the first report of efficacy of triclabendazole against Fasciola spp. in naturally infected cattle in Côte d'Ivoire. Our results confirm that triclabendazole is the most effective treatment of fascioliasis and therefore, should be considered for the control of livestock fascioliasis; if resources allow in combination with intermediate host snail control and raising farmers awareness of pasture and livestock management to avoid reinfection.
In the Anhui Province, China, efforts to interrupt the local malaria transmission were successful, with no endemic cases reported since 2014. Contrastingly, imported malaria cases are still being reported, indicating a disease reintroduction risk after years of elimination. A good surveillance system is key for avoiding the risk, detecting imported cases and possible cases associated with local transmission early. Therefore, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) were combined with microscopy to strengthen malaria surveillance in the province. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of this surveillance strategy.

We conducted a retrospective study using malaria surveillance data from January 2016 to June 2020. Epidemiological characteristics and diagnostic information were analysed using descriptive and comparative statistics. The diagnostic performance of the combined toolbox (Wondfo RDTs plus microscopy) was evaluated based on its sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and Cohen's kthe use of RDTs in field practice. Thus, monitoring malaria cases in non-endemic areas may require employing more than one diagnostic tool in surveillance strategies. Moreover, further understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of different detection methods is necessary for applying optimum combinations in field settings.
The combination of microscopy and RDTs is an effective strategy for malaria surveillance because it possibly detected more P. falciparum infections due to the introduction of RDTs. In contrast, microscopy is complementary to some limitations related to the use of RDTs in field practice. Thus, monitoring malaria cases in non-endemic areas may require employing more than one diagnostic tool in surveillance strategies. Moreover, further understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of different detection methods is necessary for applying optimum combinations in field settings.India is a malaria endemic country which is targeting malaria elimination by 2027. Transmission intensities are low-to-moderate depending on the region supported by multiple disease vectors. Among these, comparatively North-East India contributes to high proportions of malaria cases annually, the majority of which are due to Plasmodium falciparum (90%). Anopheles minimus and An. baimaii (sibling species in the An. dirus complex) are widely prevalent and incriminated as vectors of malaria. Number of intervention tools were field-evaluated beginning 1988 to date against disease vectors and causative parasites to contain the spread of malaria. These included (i) insecticide-treated netting materials (ITNs) for vector control, (ii) rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for in situ diagnosis, and (iii) therapeutic efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for improved drug-policy; all of which were incorporated in healthcare services resulting in substantial disease transmission reduction. Populations of of disease outbreaks and spread of drug-resistant malaria helping realize the goal of malaria elimination in the country.Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of leishmaniasis in humans. The disease is caused by several species, such as Leishmania mexicana, a protozoa parasite. Several major risk factors are associated with this disease, including poverty, poor housing, inadequate domestic hygiene, malnutrition, mobility, and occupational exposure. Solar radiation (UVB) has not been considered a risk factor because there is no scientific evidence demonstrating a correlation with increased susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis. In this study, the shaved skin of the back of C57BL/6 mice was irradiated with 24.2 mJ/cm2 of UVB. A delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction was used to assess UV-induced immune suppression. Skin lesions were quantitated, and parasite burden and the presence of anti-Leishmania mexicana antibodies in serum and germinal centers in draining lymph nodes were determined. We found an increased in the lesion size and parasitic load in UVB-irradiated mice compared to the WT mice and B lymphocyte activation in draining lymph nodes and increased IgG1 production.
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