Notes

Molecular mechanics models about PGLa employing NMR orientational restrictions.
Weight loss, lifestyle management and optimisation of comorbidity are the cornerstone of reducing obesity-related risks. The anaesthetist plays a vital role within the multidisciplinary team by emphasising weight loss as part of pre-operative comorbidity optimisation, formulation of individualised peri-operative management plans, supervising postoperative care in the high dependency or intensive care settings and providing safe labour analgesia and careful peripartum management for obese parturients.Anaemia is common, particularly in women and the commonest underlying cause, iron deficiency, is often overlooked. Anaemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing anaesthesia; however, women are defined as being anaemic at a lower haemoglobin level than men. In this narrative review, we present the history of iron deficiency anaemia and how women's health has often been overlooked. Iron deficiency was first described as 'chlorosis' and a cause of 'hysteria' in women and initial treatment was by iron filings in cold wine. We present data of population screening demonstrating how common iron deficiency is, affecting 12-18% of apparently 'fit and healthy' women, with the most common cause being heavy menstrual bleeding; both conditions being often unrecognised. We describe a range of symptoms reported by women, that vary from fatigue to brain fog, hair loss and eating ice. We also describe experiments exploring the physical impact of iron deficiency, showing that reduced exercise performance is related to iron deficiency independent of haemoglobin concentration, as well as the impact of iron supplementation in women improving oxygen consumption and fitness. Overall, we demonstrate the need to single out women and investigate iron deficiency rather than accept the dogma of normality and differential treatment; this is to say, the need to change the current standard of care for women undergoing anaesthesia.Chronic pelvic pain represents a major public health problem for women and impacts significantly on their quality of life. find more Yet it is under-researched and a challenge to manage. Women who suffer from chronic pelvic pain frequently describe their healthcare journey as long, via a variety of specialists and frustrating, with their pain often dismissed. Aetiological factors and associations are best conceptualised using the 'three P's' model of predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors. This integrates the numerous biological, psychological and social contributors to the complex, multifactorial nature of chronic pelvic pain. Overall management involves analgesia, hormonal therapies, physiotherapy, psychological approaches and lifestyle advice, which like other chronic pain conditions relies on a multidisciplinary team approach delivered by professionals experienced and trained in managing chronic pelvic pain.A number of benign and malignant gynaecological conditions can cause infertility. Advancements in assisted reproductive technologies have facilitated the rapidly evolving subspecialty of fertility preservation. Regardless of clinical indication, women now have the reproductive autonomy to make fully informed decisions regarding their future fertility. In particular, there has been an increasing interest and demand among patients and healthcare professionals for fertility-sparing surgery. Gynaecologists find themselves continually adapting surgical techniques and introducing novel procedures to facilitate this rapidly emerging field and anaesthetists need to manage the consequent physiological demands intra-operatively. Not only is it important to understand the surgical procedures now undertaken, but also the intra-operative management in an ever evolving field. This article reviews the methods of fertility-sparing surgery and also describes important anaesthetic challenges including peri-operative care for women undergoing complex fertility-sparing surgeries such as uterus transplantation.Infectious diseases can directly affect women and men differently. During the COVID-19 pandemic, higher case fatality rates have been observed in men in most countries. There is growing evidence, however, that while organisational changes to healthcare delivery have occurred to protect those vulnerable to the virus (staff and patients), these may lead to indirect, potentially harmful consequences, particularly to vulnerable groups including pregnant women. These encompass reduced access to antenatal and postnatal care, with a lack of in-person clinics impacting the ability to screen for physical, psychological and social issues such as elevated blood pressure, mental health issues and sex-based violence. Indirect consequences also encompass a lack of equity when considering the inclusion of pregnant women in COVID-19 research and their absence from vaccine trials, leading to a lack of safety data for breastfeeding and pregnant women. The risk-benefit analysis of these changes to healthcare delivery remains to be fully evaluated, but the battle against COVID-19 cannot come at the expense of losing existing quality standards in other areas of healthcare, especially for maternal health.Comprehensive peri-operative care for women with gynaecological malignancy is essential to ensure optimal clinical outcomes and maximise patient experience through the continuum of care. Implementation of peri-operative enhanced recovery pathways in gynaecological oncology have been repeatedly shown to improve postoperative recovery, decrease complications and reduce healthcare costs. With increasing emphasis being placed on patient-centred care in the current healthcare environment, incorporation of patient-reported outcome data collection and analysis within the enhanced recovery pathway as part of quality measurement is not only useful, but necessary. Inclusion of patient-reported outcome enhanced recovery pathway evaluation enables clinicians to capture authentic patient-reported parameters such as subtle symptoms, changes in function and multiple dimensions of well-being, directly from the source. These data guide the treatment course by encouraging shared decision-making between the patient and clinicians and provide the necessary foundation for ongoing peri-operative quality improvement efforts.
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