Notes

Genome Series involving Mannheimia haemolytica MHA.Sh.MOR19 Serotype One particular, any Moroccan Lambs Isolate.
Application of thorough Two dimensional chromatography from the anti-doping field: Taste recognition along with quantification.
We have studied nano-patterning of a two-dimensional material with ultrafine helium ion beam in the aspect of shape-, size- and damage-control. It reveals that the crystalline structure plays an important role in the shape-control. Instead of commonly circular-shaped nanopore, a spot irradiation onto a single layer of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) gives rise to a rhombus-shaped nanopore, which is well explained by the sub-rhombus crystalline structure of MoS2. Helium ion beam also shows a promising capability of precisely controlling the size by a delivered dose. However, the size of the nanopores is not linear with the delivered dose, due to Gaussian distributed intensity profile of helium ion beam. The intensity profiles are further estimated by considering aperture size, those results could be taken as a significant reference for size-control. In addition, we clarify that most of the damage is a result of re-deposition, thus controlling re-deposition might be a useful way to alleviate the damage. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Light absorption generates strongly bound excitons in organic solar cells (OSCs). To obtain efficient charge generation, a large driving force is required, which causes a large energy loss (Eloss) and severely hinders the improvement in the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of OSCs. Recently, the development of non-fullerene OSCs has seen great success, and the resulting OSCs can yield highly efficient charge generation with a negligible driving force, which raises a fundamental question about how the excitons split into free charges. From a chemical structure perspective, the molecular electrostatic potential differences between donors and acceptors may play a critical role in facilitating charge separation. Although the Eloss caused by charge generation has been suppressed, charge recombination, particularly via non-radiative pathways, severely limits further improvements in the PCEs. In OSCs with negligible driving forces, the lowest excited state, a hybrid local exciton-charge transfer state, is believed to have a strong association with the non-radiative Eloss. This review discusses the efficient charge generation at low Eloss values in highly efficient OSCs and highlights the issues that should be tackled to further improve the PCEs to new levels (~ 20%). © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.OBJECTIVE Retinal prostheses aim to restore vision in patients with retinal degenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. By implanting an array of microelectrodes, such a device creates percepts in patients through electrical stimulation of surviving retinal neurons. A challenge for retinal prostheses when trying to return high quality vision is the unintended activation of retinal ganglion cells through the stimulation of passing axon bundles, which leads to patients reporting large, elongated patches of light instead of focal spots. APPROACH In this work, we used calcium imaging to record the responses of retinal ganglion cells to electrical stimulation in explanted retina using rectangular electrodes placed with different orientations relative to the axon bundles. MAIN RESULTS We showed that narrow, rectangular electrodes oriented parallel to the axon bundles can achieve focal stimulation. To further improve the strategy, we studied the impact of different stimulation waveforms and electrode configurations. Ipatasertib We found the selectivity for focal stimulation to be higher when using short (33 µs), anodic-first biphasic pulses, with long electrode lengths and at least 50µm electrode-to-retinal separation. Focal stimulation was, in fact, less selective when the electrodes made direct contact with the retinal surface due to unwanted preferential stimulation of the proximal axon bundles. SIGNIFICANCE When employed in retinal prostheses, the proposed stimulation strategy is expected to provide improved quality of vision to the blind. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease that affects bone tissue and is highly associated with bone fractures. Ipatasertib Typical osteoporosis fracture treatments, such as bisphosphonates and hormone replacement, present important challenges because of their low bioavailability on the site of action. Options to overcome this issue are systems for the local release of therapeutic agents such as bioactive glasses containing therapeutic molecules and ions. These agents are released during the dissolution process, combining the drugs and ion therapeutic effects for osteoporosis treatment. Among the therapeutic agents that can be applied for bone repair are strontium ion and phytopharmaceutical icariin, which have shown potential to promote healthy bone marrow stem cells osteogenic differentiation, increase bone formation and prevent bone loss. Submicron Sr-containing bioactive glass mesoporous spheres with sustained ion release capacity were obtained. Icariin was successfully incorporated into the particles, and the glass composition influenced the icariin incorporation efficiency and release rates. In this work, for the first time, Sr and icariin were incorporated into bioactive glass submicron mesoporous spheres and the in vitro effects of the therapeutic agents release were evaluated on the reduced osteogenic potential of rat osteoporotic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and results showed an improvement on the reduced differentiation potential. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.N-doped carbon-based materials are crucial electrically conductive additives and non-metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. At present, many researches are focused on the effects of micropore, mesopore and hierarchical pore structure on the catalytic activity, however, there are few works concerning the role of large-dimension through-hole structure. Hence, in this work, we prepare two kinds of carbon materials with large through-hole structure, i.e. N-doped carbon hollow-spheres and hollow-tubes, as the oxygen reduction catalysts. The synthesis follows template-free morphology-controlled pyrolysis, which is more convenient than the preparation of conventional N-doped nanotubes and graphene. The resultant N-doped carbon hollow-spheres and hollow-tubes exhibit evidently enhanced ORR catalytic activity, remarkable long-term stability and methanol resistance. The large-dimension through-hole structure is found to account for the increase in mass transfer. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.
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