Notes

The sectoral analysis of the function associated with International Immediate Acquisition of polluting of the environment and energy cross over inside OECD nations around the world.
This study aimed to gain knowledge about which walking-related everyday life activities and situations are relevant for parents of children with a neuromotor disorder and adolescents undergoing inpatient neurorehabilitation.

Two focus group interviews with purposive samples were performed, one with seven parents of children with acquired or congenital neuromotor disorders, and one with four adolescents undergoing inpatient neurorehabilitation. Data were analyzed with a qualitative descriptive research approach.

Parents identified 120 activities that they considered as relevant in their everyday life and the adolescents identified 113 activities. Based on these activities, ten different categories that have a direct relation to walking in everyday life were identified. "Dealing with obstacles," "moving in public areas," "moving in a group," and "walking in general" were perceived as the highest priority categories by the focus group participants.

Activities incorporating walking tasks related to moving in a group or public areas and dealing with obstacles are perceived as meaningful by adolescents and parents in their everyday life. Addressing these categories in the goal setting process with families could facilitate the definition of walking-related goals aimed at increasing children's and adolescents' independence in daily life.
Activities incorporating walking tasks related to moving in a group or public areas and dealing with obstacles are perceived as meaningful by adolescents and parents in their everyday life. Addressing these categories in the goal setting process with families could facilitate the definition of walking-related goals aimed at increasing children's and adolescents' independence in daily life.Rehabilitation medicine has expanded the horizon of all medicine and brought about new human achievements. To facilitate continued advances in achievement, several changes are suggested in customary rehabilitation strategic goals, concepts, and practices. The main rehabilitation goals should focus on prolonged survival, contrary to the opinions of most authors on rehabilitation, and on achievement of maximum ability realization, rather than of independence or any given (including previous) level of functioning. Setting rehabilitation goals should benefit the patient, rather than the caregiver or the insurer. Training should focus on tasks that contribute to the patients' interests and desires, rather than on any task that reduces the burden of care. The main criterion for admission to a rehabilitation ward should be based on expected advantage in prolonging patient survival and maximizing ability realization.
Recent research recommends physical exercise rather than rest following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

To determine the effect of physical exercise on persistent symptoms in people with mTBI.

A search of randomized controlled trials was conducted in CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SportDiscus and Web of Science, from 2010 to January 2021. Studies were included if they described the effects of a physical exercise intervention in people with mTBI on persistent symptoms. Study quality, intervention reporting, and confidence in review findings were assessed with the CASP, TIDieR and GRADE respectively.

11 eligible studies were identified for inclusion. Study interventions broadly comprised of two categories of physical exercise, i.e., aerobic (n = 8) and vestibular (n = 3). A meta-analysis (n = 3) revealed the aerobic exercise group improvement was significantly larger compared to the usual care group -0.39 (95% CI -0.73 to -0.05, p = 0.03). Only three studies using vestibular exercise reported on persistent symptoms and yielded mixed results.

This study demonstrated that the use of aerobic exercise is supported by mixed quality evidence and moderate certainty of evidence, yet there is limited evidence for the use of vestibular exercise for improving persistent symptoms in people with mTBI.
This study demonstrated that the use of aerobic exercise is supported by mixed quality evidence and moderate certainty of evidence, yet there is limited evidence for the use of vestibular exercise for improving persistent symptoms in people with mTBI.
Individuals with hemiparetic cerebral palsy (h-CP) encounter postural control issues that largely interfere with activity and participation. So, there might be a need for improved, clearly effective rehabilitation protocols that target postural control dysfunction, which may, then, reduce activity limitations and participation restrictions.

This trial was undertaken to examine the effect of a structured, 12-week aqua-plyometric (Aqua-PLYO) exercise program on postural control and functional ability in children with h-CP.

Fifty-six children with h-CP took part in a two-arm, randomized single-blind controlled trial. They were randomly assigned to either receive the standard physical therapy (Control group; n = 28) or the Aqua-PLYO training program (Aqua-PLYO group; n = 28), three times/week over 12 consecutive weeks. The dynamic limit of stability [i.e., movement directional control (M-DC), reaction time (ReT), movement velocity (M-Vel), endpoint excursion (EP-Exc), and maximum excursion (M-Exc)] and functional ability [i.e., 30-second sit-to-stand test (30sec-STS), timed up and down stairs test (TUDS), and the dynamic gait index (DGI)] were assessed pre- and post-treatment.

From the pre- to post-treatment occasion, the Aqua-PLYO group achieved greater improvement for the M-DC (P = 0.013), ReT (P = 0.004), M-Vel (P = 0.03), EP-Exc (P = 0.002), and M-Exc (P = 0.006), compared to controls. Besides, the Aqua-PLYO group showed more conducive changes in functional ability [as evidenced by the 30sec-STS (P = 0.005), TUDS (P = 0.002), and DGI (P = 0.004) scores].

Aqua-PLYO training is likely an effective training paradigm for enhancing postural control and functional ability in children with h-CP. Further studies are, however, recommended to substantiate the current evidence.
Aqua-PLYO training is likely an effective training paradigm for enhancing postural control and functional ability in children with h-CP. Further studies are, however, recommended to substantiate the current evidence.
Individuals with stroke have impaired sensorimotor function of ankle.

To investigate the effects of passive biaxial ankle movement training synchronized with electrical stimulation therapy (AMT-EST) on ankle proprioception, passive range of motion (pROM), and strength, balance, and gait of chronic stroke patients.

Thirty-five stroke patients were randomized. The experimental group received a total of 20 AMT-EST sessions. The control group received only EST. Primary outcome measures were ankle functions. Secondary outcome measures were clinical assessments of motor, balance, and gait-related functions. All assessments were compared before and after the intervention.

The experimental group had significantly improved ankle dorsiflexor strength (p = 0.015) and ankle pROM during foot supination (p = 0.026) and pronation (p = 0.004) and clinical assessment (Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the lower extremities [FM-L], Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test, Fall Efficacy Scale, walking speed, and step length; all p < 0.05) values. The regression model predicting ankle proprioception showed significantly large effects (adjusted R2 = 0.493; p < 0.01) of the combined FM-L score and time since stroke.

Biaxial AMT-EST resulted in better ankle pROM and strength than conventional EST. Ankle proprioception was not significantly improved after AMT-EST and was predicted by the FM-L score and time since stroke.
Biaxial AMT-EST resulted in better ankle pROM and strength than conventional EST. Ankle proprioception was not significantly improved after AMT-EST and was predicted by the FM-L score and time since stroke.
Aphasia is one of the most common complications in patients with ischemic stroke. Studies have shown that acupuncture can improve the symptoms of aphasia patients. However, the effect of acupuncture on language function in patients with ischemic stroke is still controversial.

This study aimed to critically assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for aphasia following ischemic stroke.

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science Core Collection, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Digital Periodicals, and Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals database were searched. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the criteria were included.

Meta-analyses showed that mean difference in change of auditory comprehension score (MD = 7.71, 95% CI 1.83 to 13.59, P = 0.01), spontaneous speech (MD = 2.77, 95% CI 0.59 to 4.95, P = 0.01), repetition score (MD = 14.48, 95% CI 11.04 to 17.91, P < 0.00001) and naming score (MD = 14.60, 95% CI 11.33 to 17.88, P < 0.00001) measured by WAB scale were statistically significant. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that there were statistically significant mean differences in four items of WAB scale in patients with sub-acute stroke, and no statistically significant differences in patients with acute stroke.

The present study suggests that acupuncture may improve the language function of patients with aphasia following ischemic stroke, especially during the sub-acute phase. However, due to insufficient sample sizes and information on the safety, more high-quality RCTs are still needed.
The present study suggests that acupuncture may improve the language function of patients with aphasia following ischemic stroke, especially during the sub-acute phase. selleck compound However, due to insufficient sample sizes and information on the safety, more high-quality RCTs are still needed.
Fatigue, cognition problems and multiple sclerosis (MS) inflammatory processes became main quality of life indicators and points of clinical significance in MS practice.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the changes in primary fatigue level, degree of cognitive dysfunction and level of inflammatory biomarkers in response to computer-based cognitive training in patients with MS.

A total of 40 remitting-relapse MS patients were divided into two groups, both groups were suffering cognitive decline, primary fatigue with elevated serum levels of the inflammatory biomarkers. Patients in the control group (GA) underwent conventional physical therapy program for MS including aerobic training, resistive training and a flexibility program in addition to placebo cognitive sessions, study group patients (GB) received an intensive computer-based cognitive program using the REHACOM software in addition to the same conventional physical therapy program as in GA.

Significant decrease in the level of primary fatigue and in the serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers in GB patients compared to GA, as well as a remarkable improvement in the cognitive abilities in favor to the study group (GB) (p < 0.05).

The addition of computer-based cognitive training in the rehabilitation program of MS patients is efficient in improving disease course via decreasing fatigue levels, enhancing cognitive abilities and reducing level of inflammatory biomarkers.
The addition of computer-based cognitive training in the rehabilitation program of MS patients is efficient in improving disease course via decreasing fatigue levels, enhancing cognitive abilities and reducing level of inflammatory biomarkers.
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