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Metabolic Popular features of Ganjang (a new Korean Traditional Scented soy Marinade) Fermentation Exposed by Genome-Centered Metatranscriptomics.
Rationale Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be essential for tumorigenesis, recurrence, and metastasis and therefore serve as a biomarker for tumor progression in diverse cancers. Recent studies have illustrated that specific miRNAs exhibit novel therapeutic potential by controlling CSC properties. miR-1275 is upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and enhances its stemness. PHA-665752 inhibitor However, the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Methods miRNA expression microarray of LUAD and adjacent nontumor tissues was used to identify miRNAs involved in LUAD malignant progression. miR-1275 expression level was determined using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH), and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed in LUAD specimens. The upstream regulator of miR-1275 was validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). The biological functions and underlying mechanisms of miR-1275 were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Results MiR-1275 was hitic target for LUAD. © The author(s).Purpose One of the essential requirements in maintaining the normal joint motor function is the perfect tribological property of the articular cartilage. Many cartilage regeneration strategies have been developed for treatment in early stages of osteoarthritis, but there is little information on how repaired articular cartilage regains durability. The identification of biomarkers that can predict wear resistant property is critical to advancing the success of cartilage regeneration therapies. Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) is a macromolecule distributing on the chondrocyte surface that contributes to lubrication. In this study, we investigate if PRG4 expression is associated with tribological properties of regenerated cartilage, and is able to predict its wear resistant status. Methods Two different strategies including bone marrow enrichment plus microfracture (B/BME-MFX) and microfracture alone (B-MFX) of cartilage repair in sheep were used. PRG4 expression and a series of tribological parameters on regenerated cartilage were rigorously examined and compared. Results Highly and continuously expression of PRG4 in regenerated cartilage surface was negatively correlated with each tribological parameter (P less then 0.0001, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that PRG4 expression was the key predictor that contributed to the promotion of cartilage wear resistance. Conclusion Higher PRG4 expression in regenerated cartilage is significantly associated with wear resistance improvement. PRG4 may be useful for predicting the wear resistant status of regenerated cartilage and determining the optimal cartilage repair strategy. © The author(s).Objective The current antiangiogenic therapy for atherosclerotic plaques was mainly achieved by the use of antiangiogenic drugs, but serious side effects have limited the clinical application. The present study investigated whether therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) treatment with appropriate pressure could selectively deplete the neovasculature in vulnerable plaques to improve its stability with no side effects on the body; the underlying mechanisms were also explored. Methods and Results A mouse model of advanced atherosclerosis was generated by maintaining apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice on a hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD). Plaque, skeletal muscle, mesentery and skin tissue from 114 atheroma-bearing mice were subjected to sham therapy, an ultrasound application combined with microbubbles at four different ultrasound pressures (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0 MPa), or ultrasound at 5.0 MPa alone. Microvessel density (MVD) was assessed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical methods. The plaque necrotic centerved the stability of vulnerable plaques through a reduction in erythrocyte extravasation and inflammatory mediator influx, with no significant effect on normal tissue. © The author(s).Photoacoustic imaging is gaining great attention in the medical world due to its significant potential for clinical translation. Light excitation in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window (1000-1350 nm) has resolution and penetration depth suitable for several clinical applications. However, the significant challenge exists for clinical translation because of the absence of notable intrinsic chromophores in this clinically significant optical range to generate diagnostic images. Methods We present newly developed a biocompatible nickel dithiolene-based polymeric nanoparticle (NiPNP), which have a strong and sharp absorption peak at 1064 nm, as a photoacoustic contrast agent to boost specific absorbance in the NIR-II window for in vivo deep tissue imaging. Results We confirm the enhanced PA signal by NiPNP's strong light absorption in the NIR-II window (287% higher than that of NIR-I) and deep tissue imaging capability (~5.1 cm) through in vitro experiment. We have successfully acquired diagnostic-quality in vivo photoacoustic images in deep tissue (~3.4 cm) of sentinel lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tracts, and bladders of live rats by using clinically viable imaging system. Conclusions Our results prove that with strong absorption in the NIR-II window and with deeper imaging depth, the clinical translation of photoacoustic imaging with NiPNP is feasible for preclinical studies and thus would facilitate further clinical investigations. © The author(s).The surface of the small intestine has a finger-like microscale villus structure, which provides a large surface area to realize efficient digestion and absorption. However, the fabrication of a villus structure using a cell-laden bioink containing a decellularized small intestine submucosa, SIS, which can induce significant cellular activities, has not been attempted owing to the limited mechanical stiffness, which sustains the complex projective finger-like 3D structure. In this work, we developed a human intestinal villi model with an innovative bioprinting process using a collagen/SIS cell-laden bioink. Methods A Caco-2-laden microscale villus structure (geometry of the villus height = 831.1 ± 36.2 μm and diameter = 190.9 ± 3.9 μm) using a bioink consisting of collagen type-I and SIS was generated using a vertically moving 3D bioprinting process. By manipulating various compositions of dECM and a crosslinking agent in the bioink and the processing factors (printing speed, printing time, and pneumatic pressure), the villus structure was achieved.
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