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ssive disorders. Our findings support a hypothesis about mechanisms of action underlying hypoactivation in depression. Further, these results support clinical identification of subtypes of depression, such as those with high levels of co-occurring anxiety.
The prevalence of depression increase with the outbreaks of epidemic disease. The prevalence of depression during the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in prenatal and postnatal women was examined in China.

2201 prenatal and postnatal women in mainland China were recruited in this cross-sectional study from February 28
to April 26
, 2020. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression in prenatal and postnatal women.

The prevalence rate of depression was 35.4%. selleckchem The risk factors for depression included drinking (p=0.04; adjusted OR=2.81, 95%CI 1.26~6.24), nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (p<0.001; adjusted OR=3.54, 95%CI 1.10~11.44), pregnancy's influence on mobility (p=0.02; adjusted OR=1.42, 95%CI 1.11~1.83), anxiety (p<0.001; adjusted OR=1.66, 95%CI 1.57~1.75), insomnia (p<0.001; adjusted OR=1.17, 95%CI 1.14~1.21) and daily attention to fetal movement (p<0.001; adjusted OR=0.41, 95%CI 0.31~0.56).

This study used a cross-sectional design, and cannot compare changes in the incidence of depression before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.

During the COVID-19 outbreak, the prevalence rate of depression among Chinese prenatal and postnatal women was 35.4%. Moreover, anxiety, insomnia, drinking, nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, as well as the impaired movement and less daily monitoring of fetal movement were risk factors for depression.
During the COVID-19 outbreak, the prevalence rate of depression among Chinese prenatal and postnatal women was 35.4%. Moreover, anxiety, insomnia, drinking, nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, as well as the impaired movement and less daily monitoring of fetal movement were risk factors for depression.
The present study aims to evaluate the effects of ouabain on memory and neurotrophic parameters in the brains of rats.

Wistar rats received an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of ouabain or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). Seven and 14 days after ICV administration, the animals were subjected to the open-field and splash tests. Furthermore, the pro-BDNF, BDNF, TrkB, and CREB were assessed in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of the rats, in both seven and 14 days after ICV injection. The memory of the animals was tested by novel object recognition test (NOR) and inhibitory avoidance task (IA), only 14 days after ICV administration.

Ouabain increased locomotion and exploration in the animals seven days after its administration; however, 14 days after ICV, these behavioral parameters return to the basal level. Seven days after ouabain administration increased grooming behavior in the splash test; on the other hand, seven days after ouabain injection decreased the grooming behavior, which is considered an anhedonic response. Besides, ouabain decreased recognition index in the NOR and decreased aversive memory in the IA, when compared to the control group. The levels of pro-BDNF and BDNF decreased in the frontal cortex seven days after ouabain; but its receptor (TrkB) and CREB decreased seven and 14 days after ouabain, in both cerebral structures evaluated.

Ouabain-induced animal model of BD is an excellent model to assess memory alteration, observed in bipolar patients. Besides, the memory impairment induced by ouabain seems to be related to BDNF signaling pathway alterations.
Ouabain-induced animal model of BD is an excellent model to assess memory alteration, observed in bipolar patients. Besides, the memory impairment induced by ouabain seems to be related to BDNF signaling pathway alterations.The aim of this meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of different doses of prophylactic rhEPO on neurodevelopmental outcomes and provide reference for rational drug use. The primary outcome was the number of infants with a Mental Developmental Index (MDI) less then 70 on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Five RCTs, comprising 2282 infants, were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, prophylactic rhEPO administration reduced the incidence of infants with an MDI less then 70, with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.55 (0.38-0.79), P less then 0.05. The low-dose rhEPO subgroup was superior to the placebo subgroup, with an OR (95% CI) of 0.47 (0.25-0.87), P less then 0.05. However, high-dose rhEPO subgroup had no significant impact on MDI less then 70 in infants less then 28 weeks' gestational age. The definitions of the secondary outcome showed that there was no significant effect of rhEPO on cerebral palsy. For neonatal complications, although four studies showed that there were no differences in the pooled results of BPD and ICH events between rhEPO treatment and placebo, the ICH events were significantly lower in the low-dose rhEPO (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.23-0.59). In addition, in the pooled results of NEC and ROP events, there were significant differences between the two groups (OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.43-0.93) (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.65-0.98). And the NEC events were significantly lower in the low-dose rhEPO (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.27-0.73). Sustained low-dose prophylactic early erythropoietin might be more superior than high-dose for improvement of neurological outcomes and several neonatal complications in preterm infants.
Losing the only child is an extremely distressful life event for parents. Previous studies indicated that shidu parents were more vulnerable to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aims to calculate the pooled prevalence of PTSD and identify its risk factors.

We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang databases, Vip databases. We performed a meta-analysis using random effects models to calculate the pooled PTSD in shidu parents. Associated factors for PTSD was evaluated by determining standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CIs. All analyses were performed using the Stata 16.0.

Eight articles (covering 2,722 shidu parents) were included in this study. The pooled prevalence of PTSD was 46.8% (95%CI 33.2%-60.3%) among Chinese shidu parents. Female (SMD[95%CI] 0.41[0.20, 0.62]), higher education level (SMD[95%CI] 0.15[0.03, 0.28]), lower income (SMD[95%CI] 0.33[0.13, 0.53]), losing a daughter (SMD[95%CI] 0.
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