Notes

Enhancement regarding rate of recurrence quality by using a sub-bin structure within the discrete Fourier transform.
The on site vaccination was clearly preferred than the ad hoc one (1693 HCWs, 80,5% vs 410, 19,5%). Vaccinated for the first time registered a significant increase (40,2% vs 36,2% in 2019-20 campaign).

such meaningful results confirm the effectiveness of the strategies implemented in the present campaign, suggesting their possible application in the debated COVID19-third-dose vaccination campaign.
such meaningful results confirm the effectiveness of the strategies implemented in the present campaign, suggesting their possible application in the debated COVID19-third-dose vaccination campaign.
The rapid evolution of Covid-19 and the availability of numerous vaccines led countries to set up Massive Vaccination campaign in a very short time. Since December 2020, due to the lack of specific guidelines, multidisciplinary groups started to investigate the minimum requirements for Massive Vaccination Centers (MVC). The aim of the paper is to shed light on the process of development of a scalable model for MVC layout design and implementation.

The methodology included two phases and six steps 1)Study of MVC with i) acquisition of process data from experimental study on an early set up vaccination hub; ii) review of scientific literature on MVC; iii) review of existing available guidelines and international examples; 2) Design proposal with iv) functional and space requirements collection; v) standard MVC layout design and vi) scalable model definition.

The resulting layout is compact, has a good wayfinding and address safety reducing cross-contamination risks. Different vaccine lines have been designed with a central dilution area for process efficiency. Healthcare staff wellbeing is guaranteed by the provision of resting spaces, short distances, and the correct sizing of space for the different activities. To ensure optimal vaccination capacity at the peak of vaccination, a modular and scalable model of different sizes has been designed ranging from 400 to 12000 m2.

The modular layout has been used as basic model in the regional legislation, disclosed with the Deliberation n° XI / 4353 of 24/02/2021. Further research is encouraged to compare different national and international layouts.
The modular layout has been used as basic model in the regional legislation, disclosed with the Deliberation n° XI / 4353 of 24/02/2021. Further research is encouraged to compare different national and international layouts.
Nursing home residents were the most vulnerable population to be affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy. The Italian vaccination strategy decided to indicate them as the target population in the first phase of the massive vaccination campaign. We carried out an analysis on an outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection which occurred in a nursing home in northern Italy (Cremona) after the administration of the complete vaccination cycle affecting most of the guests of the structure.

Data relating to the outbreak were obtained through the Regional Surveillance System for Infectious Diseases of Lombardia Region.

During the outbreak, among the 61 guests, 56 were vaccinated. Thirty four were found positive for COVID-19 22 were asymptomatic, 12 were symptomatic and 4 died. The observed difference in the number of deaths between vaccinated and non-vaccinated subjects was significant. During the outbreak 104 healthcare workers (HCWs) were employed in the nursing home, only 66 were vaccinated. Eight HCWs were found COVID-19 positive, 4 of them were vaccinated and of female gender.

Similarly to data reported in literature for described outbreaks, we observed that the vaccine is able to protect from the symptomatic form and a valid antibody response protect from a symptomatic disease. The low number of HCWs found positive indicates a correct use of individual protective devices.
Similarly to data reported in literature for described outbreaks, we observed that the vaccine is able to protect from the symptomatic form and a valid antibody response protect from a symptomatic disease. The low number of HCWs found positive indicates a correct use of individual protective devices.A well-known insidious obstacle for patients with mental illness is stigma, linked to feelings of incomprehensibility, incurability, and dangerousness. The COVID-19 pandemic represented a relevant additional barrier for these patients, which contributed to their marginalization, quality of life reduction and diminished treatments feasibility. As part of a cross-sectional multidisciplinary project conducted in the psychiatric service of Biella, a northern Italy province, preliminary data were collected by frontline clinicians during the COVID-19 first wave regarding the vicious cycle that may have been created between stigma and psychiatric patients in COVID-19 time. Therefore, we tried to frame the observed changes not in the dual literature paradigms stigma-mental illness or stigma-social consequences in COVID-19 time, but in the mental illness-stigma-COVID-19 three-way paradigm. The protection of this vulnerable segment of population, including a rapid access to COVID-19 vaccination, needs to be recognized as a real public health priority. The role of mental health services in providing information and activating supportive interventions for patients with mental illness is also crucial. Particularly, a multidisciplinary therapeutic team including mental health providers, general practitioners, hospital physicians, and social services would be needed to ensure adequate networks and cares continuity. Actions to contrast stigma can be arduous and exhausting because they must counteract the gravitational pull of customs, prejudices, and ingrained cultural beliefs, and may therefore appear to be moving in an "unnatural" direction, like the water in Escher's lithograph entitled "Waterfall". Nevertheless, there is no less strenuous way to go against the grain.The direct and indirect stressful effects of COVID-19 lockdown measures adopted to restrict population movements to help curb the epidemic impacted on people's daily lives. Biella is a small Northern Italy province, historically characterized by the presence of an important and once flourishing textile industry. For decades this province has had suicide rates higher than the Piedmonts and Italian average. In two most recent decades a positive correlation between financial stressors, 2008 economic crisis related, and suicide has been found. As the current economic crisis COVID-19 related is expected to exacerbate again the vulnerability to suicide of this province, during the first lockdown the Crisis Center for Suicide Prevention of Biella set up a telephone counselling service. We aimed to evaluate whether it represented a suitable and useful tool for suicidal crisis prevention. Each phone intervention consisted of four phases (i) psychoeducation, (ii) emotional stabilization, (iii) personal resources identification/reinforcement, (iv) session ending. This service provided a rapid therapeutic response to urgent requests for care, psychological support, and reassurance. It was able to mitigate stress and reinforce resilience in particularly vulnerable populations. The most innovative element of this project was that it proposed interventions for the emotional stabilization, something that is usually used in face-to-face sessions. Using the right protocols, it proved to offer continuity care and reduce pressure on hospital emergency departments while delivering good outcomes and patient satisfaction. Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to overcome normative, technological, and cultural barriers regarding the use of remote healthcare services.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries adopted restrictive measures to mitigate infection spread, which might have influenced people's lifestyle and dietary habits. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the impact of national lockdowns on adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD).

Studies were identified searching Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Studies published until 4th May 2021 were included. We only considered studies reporting original data from quantitative analysis and assessing changes in adherence to the MD, using validated dietary scores, or in consumption of MD food items. Data extraction, pooling, and quality appraisal of included studies were conducted following the PRISMA guidelines.

Forty-two studies were retrieved. After screening, 12 studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the review, of which 4 (33%) were longitudinal studies. Six (85.7%) of the seven studies that measured changes in MD adherence before-during lockdown reported an increase (rate of change of high-adherence to MD ranged between +3.3% and +21.9%). Evidence indicates that consumption of MD food items increased during lockdown but is heterogeneous in study design, quality, and findings.

Our results suggest adherence to the MD during lockdown might have increased in some settings, while the determinants of such a trend are to be further explored. We raise awareness of the need to research further the impacts and long-term consequences of COVID-19 containment measures on dietary and lifestyle habits.
Our results suggest adherence to the MD during lockdown might have increased in some settings, while the determinants of such a trend are to be further explored. We raise awareness of the need to research further the impacts and long-term consequences of COVID-19 containment measures on dietary and lifestyle habits.
The world of work has been profoundly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic since workplace activities involving close contact with coworkers and customers can lead to transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and compromise continuity of operations of workplaces. The Covid-Lab of University of Urbino and the Confindustria Pesaro Urbino association signed an agreement to support the Marche Nord companies in the adoption of anti-contagion safety protocols.

Antibodies detection was performed using a rapid immunochromatographic test. Total RNA from nasopharyngeal swab was subjected to a real-time RT-PCR multiplex for the detection of RdRp specific gene and E gene of the SARS-CoV-2, and the internal control (human RNase P).

Between May 2020 and Apr 2021, over 10,000 rapid serological tests had been carried out on workers of 35 companies and in 5% of cases IgG or IgM were found (519). All the 519 swabs gave a valid result (RNAse P Ct≤40) with 105 positive results (20%) for SARS-CoV-2 with a Ct value ≤45. Overall, only 1% of sae for the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
The exact COVID-19 severity is still not well defined and it is hotly debated due to the a few methodological issues such as the uncertainties about the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.

We investigated COVID-19 case-fatality rate and infection-fatality rate in 2020 in Italy, a country severely affected by the pandemic, basing our assessment on publicly available data, and calculating such measures during the first and second waves.

We found that province-specific crude case-fatality rate in the first wave (February-July 2020) had a median value of 12.0%. selleck Data about infection-fatality rate was more difficult to compute, due to large underestimation of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first wave when asymptomatic individuals were very rarely tested. However, when using as a reference population-based seroprevalence data for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies collected in May-July 2020, we computed an infection-fatality rate of 2.2%. During the second wave (Sep-Dec 2020), when SARS-CoV-2 testing was greatly increased and extended to many asymptomatic individuals, we could only compute a 'hybrid' case/infection-fatality rate with a value of 2.
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